Este manual técnico compilou informações sobre as principais pragas do milho, soja e algodão, incluindo descrições, imagens e sugestões de controle. A reprodução do conteúdo requer permissão expressa da Monsanto do Brasil. O manual visa auxiliar na identificação correta das pragas e no desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo integrado.
This document discusses strategies for deploying disease resistance genes in crops to achieve durable resistance. It describes different types of gene deployment including spatial methods like variety mixtures and multiline varieties, which introduce genetic heterogeneity, and temporal methods like rotating varieties with different resistant genes. Regional deployment by creating "gene zones" with cultivars carrying different resistance genes in different geographical areas is also discussed. Gene pyramiding, or stacking multiple resistance genes in cultivars, is described as a way to present a higher barrier to pathogens. The document emphasizes that durable resistance depends on the cropping system and integration of these strategies with whole farm management.
Introductory bioinformatics workshop flyerAlan Teh
This document provides information about the Introductory Bioinformatics Workshop 2012 held at Perdana University from July 9-14. The workshop aims to cover essential bioinformatics topics like biological databases, sequence comparison, and protein structure through lectures and hands-on practical sessions. It is intended for students and researchers from life sciences and industry partners interested in bioinformatics. Participants will learn the role of bioinformatics in research and basic concepts in areas like databases, tools, sequence analysis and structural analysis. There are 45 seats available at discounted early bird rates for students, academics and corporate participants.
Medicinal plants are in use in many countries and cultures as a source of medicine. Biotechnological tools like tissue culture are important for selection, multiplication and conservation of medicinal plants genotypes. In addition, in-vitro regeneration plays a great role in the production of high-quality plant-based medicine. Plant tissue culture techniques offer an integrated approach for the production of standardized quality phytopharmaceutical through mass production of consistent plant material for physiological characterization and analysis of active ingredients. A number of medicinal plants reported to regenerate in vitro from their various parts but still, fewer are grown in soil, while their micropropagation on a mass scale has rarely been achieved. Micropropagation protocols for cloning of some medicinal plants had been developed by using different concentrations of plant growth regulators in a Murashige and Skoog media variant (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). Regeneration occurred via organogenesis and embryogenesis in response to auxins and cytokinins. The production of secondary metabolite is also becoming familiar by tissue culture for pharmaceutical use. The integrated approaches of culture systems will provide the basis for the future development of safe, effective, and high-quality products for consumers.
This document discusses biodiversity and the importance of conserving plant genetic resources. It notes that biodiversity is being lost rapidly due to factors like habitat destruction, and that this threatens global food security since a small number of major crops provide over 60% of our food. Conserving crop diversity is crucial as it contains valuable traits for adapting to climate change, disease, and other challenges. The document outlines international efforts to promote biodiversity conservation through activities like plant exploration, establishing gene banks, and facilitating access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources.
1) O documento discute as principais doenças que afetam o cultivo do milho no Brasil, incluindo mancha branca, cercosporiose, ferrugem polissora, ferrugem tropical, ferrugem comum, helmintosporiose e enfezamentos pálido e vermelho.
2) É fornecido detalhes sobre os sintomas, epidemiologia e manejo de cada doença. Algumas das medidas de controle incluem plantio de cultivares resistentes, rotação de culturas e práticas agrí
Este documento discute o milho transgênico no Brasil. Ele descreve como o milho Bt foi geneticamente modificado para resistir a pragas e como se tornou amplamente cultivado no Brasil, trazendo benefícios como redução no uso de inseticidas. No entanto, também levanta preocupações sobre possíveis efeitos tóxicos e desequilíbrios ecológicos.
This document summarizes information about pre-breeding programs in maize. It discusses how pre-breeding can help broaden the genetic base of maize by incorporating genetic resources from germplasm banks into breeding programs. Specific examples are provided, such as the Latin American Maize Project which evaluated over 15,000 maize accessions across 12 countries. Traits of priority for pre-breeding in tropical conditions are identified, including disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional quality. The document concludes by emphasizing the complex problems of maize breeding in tropical regions and the need for local pre-breeding programs to develop materials adapted to diverse environmental conditions.
Este manual técnico compilou informações sobre as principais pragas do milho, soja e algodão, incluindo descrições, imagens e sugestões de controle. A reprodução do conteúdo requer permissão expressa da Monsanto do Brasil. O manual visa auxiliar na identificação correta das pragas e no desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo integrado.
This document discusses strategies for deploying disease resistance genes in crops to achieve durable resistance. It describes different types of gene deployment including spatial methods like variety mixtures and multiline varieties, which introduce genetic heterogeneity, and temporal methods like rotating varieties with different resistant genes. Regional deployment by creating "gene zones" with cultivars carrying different resistance genes in different geographical areas is also discussed. Gene pyramiding, or stacking multiple resistance genes in cultivars, is described as a way to present a higher barrier to pathogens. The document emphasizes that durable resistance depends on the cropping system and integration of these strategies with whole farm management.
Introductory bioinformatics workshop flyerAlan Teh
This document provides information about the Introductory Bioinformatics Workshop 2012 held at Perdana University from July 9-14. The workshop aims to cover essential bioinformatics topics like biological databases, sequence comparison, and protein structure through lectures and hands-on practical sessions. It is intended for students and researchers from life sciences and industry partners interested in bioinformatics. Participants will learn the role of bioinformatics in research and basic concepts in areas like databases, tools, sequence analysis and structural analysis. There are 45 seats available at discounted early bird rates for students, academics and corporate participants.
Medicinal plants are in use in many countries and cultures as a source of medicine. Biotechnological tools like tissue culture are important for selection, multiplication and conservation of medicinal plants genotypes. In addition, in-vitro regeneration plays a great role in the production of high-quality plant-based medicine. Plant tissue culture techniques offer an integrated approach for the production of standardized quality phytopharmaceutical through mass production of consistent plant material for physiological characterization and analysis of active ingredients. A number of medicinal plants reported to regenerate in vitro from their various parts but still, fewer are grown in soil, while their micropropagation on a mass scale has rarely been achieved. Micropropagation protocols for cloning of some medicinal plants had been developed by using different concentrations of plant growth regulators in a Murashige and Skoog media variant (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). Regeneration occurred via organogenesis and embryogenesis in response to auxins and cytokinins. The production of secondary metabolite is also becoming familiar by tissue culture for pharmaceutical use. The integrated approaches of culture systems will provide the basis for the future development of safe, effective, and high-quality products for consumers.
This document discusses biodiversity and the importance of conserving plant genetic resources. It notes that biodiversity is being lost rapidly due to factors like habitat destruction, and that this threatens global food security since a small number of major crops provide over 60% of our food. Conserving crop diversity is crucial as it contains valuable traits for adapting to climate change, disease, and other challenges. The document outlines international efforts to promote biodiversity conservation through activities like plant exploration, establishing gene banks, and facilitating access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources.
1) O documento discute as principais doenças que afetam o cultivo do milho no Brasil, incluindo mancha branca, cercosporiose, ferrugem polissora, ferrugem tropical, ferrugem comum, helmintosporiose e enfezamentos pálido e vermelho.
2) É fornecido detalhes sobre os sintomas, epidemiologia e manejo de cada doença. Algumas das medidas de controle incluem plantio de cultivares resistentes, rotação de culturas e práticas agrí
Este documento discute o milho transgênico no Brasil. Ele descreve como o milho Bt foi geneticamente modificado para resistir a pragas e como se tornou amplamente cultivado no Brasil, trazendo benefícios como redução no uso de inseticidas. No entanto, também levanta preocupações sobre possíveis efeitos tóxicos e desequilíbrios ecológicos.
This document summarizes information about pre-breeding programs in maize. It discusses how pre-breeding can help broaden the genetic base of maize by incorporating genetic resources from germplasm banks into breeding programs. Specific examples are provided, such as the Latin American Maize Project which evaluated over 15,000 maize accessions across 12 countries. Traits of priority for pre-breeding in tropical conditions are identified, including disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional quality. The document concludes by emphasizing the complex problems of maize breeding in tropical regions and the need for local pre-breeding programs to develop materials adapted to diverse environmental conditions.
This document discusses various mechanisms of variability in fungal pathogens that cause disease resistance in plants. It describes (1) hybridization which introduces genetic variation through recombination of parental genomes, (2) heterokaryosis allowing for genetic exchange between genetically different nuclei in fungi, (3) parasexualism enabling genetic recombination within fungal heterokaryons, (4) mutation as a spontaneous genetic change, and (5) cytoplasmic adaptation where characteristics like virulence can be maternally inherited through the cytoplasm. Understanding these sources of variability is important for breeding disease resistance in crops.
Unit 2 plant tissue culture applications, advantages and limitationsDr. Mafatlal Kher
This presentation is related to the application of plant tissue culture techniques in various sectors, and it also highlights the advantages and limitations of plant tissue culture
A Evolução nos Sistemas de Condução dos Pomares de Maçãs mais Competitivos nos
Estados Unidos
Terence Robinson
Dept. of Horticulture, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
SYNTHETIC MICRO PROTEINS - VERSATILE TOOLS FOR THE REGULATION OF PROTEIN FUNC...Jyoti Prakash Sahoo
MicroProteins are small proteins that contain only a single protein domain, often a protein–protein interaction (PPI) domain but lack other functional domains.
MicroProteins can either completely inactivate their targets by forming non-functional heterodimers or alter their biological function by engaging the target protein in novel protein complexes.
The first identified microProtein, INHIBITOR OF DNA BINDING (Id) in animals. It is a 16 kDa small protein consisting of only a helix–loop–helix (HLH) domain.
LITTLE ZIPPER (ZPR) proteins were the first microProteins characterized in plants. ZPR proteins contain a leucine zipper domain but lack other domains required for DNA binding and transcriptional activation.
ZPR proteins thus function in analogy to Id-type proteins and physically interact with class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factors to control developmental processes such as stem cell maintenance in shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation and leaf development.
Clocking the floral transition from phytochromes to molcular or circadian clocksSudershan Mishra
The timing of floral transition has a direct impact on reproductive success. One of the most important environmental factors that affect this transition is the change in day length (photoperiod). Classical experiments imply that plants monitor photoperiods in the leaf, and transmit that information coded within an elusive signal dubbed florigen to the apex, to reprogram development. Thus, flowering is the result of the coordination between genetic information and environmental cues. Phytochromes were considered central to this coordination in deciding the flowering time, for most part of the chronobiology research. However, intensive research in Arabidopsis over the past two decades, aided by functional genomics tools has revealed a larger role of circadian clocks in driving the flux towards flowering. Genome wide chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques have revealed that plants have evolved highly complex gene regulatory networks to modulate the timing of the floral transition. At least 306 genes and eight genetic pathways affect flowering, including the photoperiod, autonomous, vernalization, ambient temperature, and GA dependent pathways. Each pathway is centrally governed by a module of transcription factors, whose abundance in turn is regulated by daylight sensing (phytochromes) as well as generation of an internal rhythm (circadian clocks). The physiological response (flowering) occurs only when there is coincidence between the internal rhythm and phytochrome mediated abundance of the transcription factors. In case of Arabidopsis the CO-FT module is central to timing of flowering where daylight mediated CO (CONSTANS) expression leads to subsequent photoperiodic induction of the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which might encode a major component of florigen. Similar molecular clock regulated modules have been reported in case of crops such as the Ghd7-Ehd1-Hd3a/RFT1 in case of rice and PPD1-PRR7 module in case of wheat and barley. However, whether these modules are conserved among cereal crops or they vary from one crop to another, remains to be ascertained
Heterotic group “is a group of related or unrelated genotypes from the same or different populations, which display similar combining ability and heterotic response when crossed with genotypes from other genetically distinct germplasm groups.”
Atualmente, uma profissão começa a ressurgir com força renovada, especialmente por conta do aumento da preocupação que as pessoas passaram a ter para com as questões do meio ambiente e para a importância da presença do verde, especialmente nas grandes cidades.
Estamos falando da profissão de jardineiro, que é cada vez mais valorizada, e cada vez mais procurada, sendo que esta procura por profissionais qualificados tem feito com que cada vez mais pessoas optem por ela.
O jardineiro nada mais é do que o profissional que entende e que pratica a arte da jardinagem, que é uma das mais antigas artes ainda em prática no mundo, com registros antiquíssimos de sua presença.
A jardinagem é hoje em dia, uma atividade que não tem apenas cunho profissional, já que há cada vez mais pessoas que começam a se aprofundar nela como forma de lazer e de relaxamento.
Use of a rapid generation advance (RGA) system for IRRI's irrigated breeding ...Joseph Beredo, R.N.
The pedigree breeding method for developing new rice varieties takes 3-4 years and is expensive. A rapid generation advance (RGA) system can shorten this time and reduce costs by growing multiple generations per year in a small greenhouse or screenhouse. Using RGA, IRRI has been able to develop breeding lines in 2 fewer years compared to pedigree breeding, saving land, labor, and resources. RGA allows growing 3-4 generations per year versus 1-2 in the field, speeding up variety development and release. Since adopting RGA in 2012, IRRI has advanced over 50,000 lines comprised of 100 crosses.
This document summarizes two studies on in vitro pollen germination in citrus plants. The first study examined the optimal temperature for pollen germination and stigma receptiveness in three orange cultivars. It found that 25C was the optimal temperature for pollen germination, and that two cultivars could be manually pollinated at the balloon stage while one cultivar was best pollinated at the open flower stage. The second study assessed pollen viability and germination in seven lemon varieties using TTC staining and in vitro culture. It determined that 20-25% sucrose concentration optimized pollen germination, and that staining tests only provide a rough estimate of viability while culture allows determining exact viable pollen amounts.
Hybrid seed production in brassica napus (canola)Shehzadkang
This document discusses hybrid seed production in Brassica napus (canola). It begins with an introduction to B. napus and heterosis. It then discusses the development of inbred lines, combining ability testing, inducing male sterility, hybrid seed production steps, selection criteria for hybrids, and maintaining hybrid purity. Key advantages of hybrids over open-pollinated varieties are also summarized, such as higher yield potential and better stress tolerance in hybrids. The document provides references for further reading on the topics covered.
B.sc. agri i po h unit 2 method of plant propagation and planning orchardRai University
This document discusses various methods of plant propagation, including sexual propagation through seeds and asexual propagation through vegetative structures and cuttings. Sexual propagation involves multiplying plants using seeds, which allows for variation but offspring may not be true-to-type. Asexual propagation methods discussed include stem cuttings, layering techniques like simple layering and mound layering, and grafting and budding. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided.
O documento apresenta um manual de identificação de doenças da soja. Ele descreve os principais agentes causais, sintomas e condições favoráveis para as doenças da soja, incluindo tombamento, mancha olho de rã, mancha-parda da folha, míldio da soja, oídio da soja, antracnose, mancha-alvo, ferrugem da soja, mofo branco, crestamento foliar de cercóspora, mela da folha, podridão-parda da haste, podridão por Phytoph
O uso de herbicidas é essencial para um bom manejo da lavoura, assim como o conhecimento das plantas daninhas que estão presentes. Nesta apresentação é abordado sobre as principais moléculas de produtos químicos indicadas para a cultura do milho e principais plantas espontâneas presentes no estado de Goiás.
this ppt made for molecular basis of heterosis of crop plant and it has also incuded heterosis on basis of estimation and genetics basis of heterosis. but these points are not properly explation becarse this ppt main aim to explain the heterosis on the basis of heterosis. thank you....
This document discusses various mechanisms of variability in fungal pathogens that cause disease resistance in plants. It describes (1) hybridization which introduces genetic variation through recombination of parental genomes, (2) heterokaryosis allowing for genetic exchange between genetically different nuclei in fungi, (3) parasexualism enabling genetic recombination within fungal heterokaryons, (4) mutation as a spontaneous genetic change, and (5) cytoplasmic adaptation where characteristics like virulence can be maternally inherited through the cytoplasm. Understanding these sources of variability is important for breeding disease resistance in crops.
Unit 2 plant tissue culture applications, advantages and limitationsDr. Mafatlal Kher
This presentation is related to the application of plant tissue culture techniques in various sectors, and it also highlights the advantages and limitations of plant tissue culture
A Evolução nos Sistemas de Condução dos Pomares de Maçãs mais Competitivos nos
Estados Unidos
Terence Robinson
Dept. of Horticulture, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
SYNTHETIC MICRO PROTEINS - VERSATILE TOOLS FOR THE REGULATION OF PROTEIN FUNC...Jyoti Prakash Sahoo
MicroProteins are small proteins that contain only a single protein domain, often a protein–protein interaction (PPI) domain but lack other functional domains.
MicroProteins can either completely inactivate their targets by forming non-functional heterodimers or alter their biological function by engaging the target protein in novel protein complexes.
The first identified microProtein, INHIBITOR OF DNA BINDING (Id) in animals. It is a 16 kDa small protein consisting of only a helix–loop–helix (HLH) domain.
LITTLE ZIPPER (ZPR) proteins were the first microProteins characterized in plants. ZPR proteins contain a leucine zipper domain but lack other domains required for DNA binding and transcriptional activation.
ZPR proteins thus function in analogy to Id-type proteins and physically interact with class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factors to control developmental processes such as stem cell maintenance in shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation and leaf development.
Clocking the floral transition from phytochromes to molcular or circadian clocksSudershan Mishra
The timing of floral transition has a direct impact on reproductive success. One of the most important environmental factors that affect this transition is the change in day length (photoperiod). Classical experiments imply that plants monitor photoperiods in the leaf, and transmit that information coded within an elusive signal dubbed florigen to the apex, to reprogram development. Thus, flowering is the result of the coordination between genetic information and environmental cues. Phytochromes were considered central to this coordination in deciding the flowering time, for most part of the chronobiology research. However, intensive research in Arabidopsis over the past two decades, aided by functional genomics tools has revealed a larger role of circadian clocks in driving the flux towards flowering. Genome wide chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques have revealed that plants have evolved highly complex gene regulatory networks to modulate the timing of the floral transition. At least 306 genes and eight genetic pathways affect flowering, including the photoperiod, autonomous, vernalization, ambient temperature, and GA dependent pathways. Each pathway is centrally governed by a module of transcription factors, whose abundance in turn is regulated by daylight sensing (phytochromes) as well as generation of an internal rhythm (circadian clocks). The physiological response (flowering) occurs only when there is coincidence between the internal rhythm and phytochrome mediated abundance of the transcription factors. In case of Arabidopsis the CO-FT module is central to timing of flowering where daylight mediated CO (CONSTANS) expression leads to subsequent photoperiodic induction of the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which might encode a major component of florigen. Similar molecular clock regulated modules have been reported in case of crops such as the Ghd7-Ehd1-Hd3a/RFT1 in case of rice and PPD1-PRR7 module in case of wheat and barley. However, whether these modules are conserved among cereal crops or they vary from one crop to another, remains to be ascertained
Heterotic group “is a group of related or unrelated genotypes from the same or different populations, which display similar combining ability and heterotic response when crossed with genotypes from other genetically distinct germplasm groups.”
Atualmente, uma profissão começa a ressurgir com força renovada, especialmente por conta do aumento da preocupação que as pessoas passaram a ter para com as questões do meio ambiente e para a importância da presença do verde, especialmente nas grandes cidades.
Estamos falando da profissão de jardineiro, que é cada vez mais valorizada, e cada vez mais procurada, sendo que esta procura por profissionais qualificados tem feito com que cada vez mais pessoas optem por ela.
O jardineiro nada mais é do que o profissional que entende e que pratica a arte da jardinagem, que é uma das mais antigas artes ainda em prática no mundo, com registros antiquíssimos de sua presença.
A jardinagem é hoje em dia, uma atividade que não tem apenas cunho profissional, já que há cada vez mais pessoas que começam a se aprofundar nela como forma de lazer e de relaxamento.
Use of a rapid generation advance (RGA) system for IRRI's irrigated breeding ...Joseph Beredo, R.N.
The pedigree breeding method for developing new rice varieties takes 3-4 years and is expensive. A rapid generation advance (RGA) system can shorten this time and reduce costs by growing multiple generations per year in a small greenhouse or screenhouse. Using RGA, IRRI has been able to develop breeding lines in 2 fewer years compared to pedigree breeding, saving land, labor, and resources. RGA allows growing 3-4 generations per year versus 1-2 in the field, speeding up variety development and release. Since adopting RGA in 2012, IRRI has advanced over 50,000 lines comprised of 100 crosses.
This document summarizes two studies on in vitro pollen germination in citrus plants. The first study examined the optimal temperature for pollen germination and stigma receptiveness in three orange cultivars. It found that 25C was the optimal temperature for pollen germination, and that two cultivars could be manually pollinated at the balloon stage while one cultivar was best pollinated at the open flower stage. The second study assessed pollen viability and germination in seven lemon varieties using TTC staining and in vitro culture. It determined that 20-25% sucrose concentration optimized pollen germination, and that staining tests only provide a rough estimate of viability while culture allows determining exact viable pollen amounts.
Hybrid seed production in brassica napus (canola)Shehzadkang
This document discusses hybrid seed production in Brassica napus (canola). It begins with an introduction to B. napus and heterosis. It then discusses the development of inbred lines, combining ability testing, inducing male sterility, hybrid seed production steps, selection criteria for hybrids, and maintaining hybrid purity. Key advantages of hybrids over open-pollinated varieties are also summarized, such as higher yield potential and better stress tolerance in hybrids. The document provides references for further reading on the topics covered.
B.sc. agri i po h unit 2 method of plant propagation and planning orchardRai University
This document discusses various methods of plant propagation, including sexual propagation through seeds and asexual propagation through vegetative structures and cuttings. Sexual propagation involves multiplying plants using seeds, which allows for variation but offspring may not be true-to-type. Asexual propagation methods discussed include stem cuttings, layering techniques like simple layering and mound layering, and grafting and budding. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided.
O documento apresenta um manual de identificação de doenças da soja. Ele descreve os principais agentes causais, sintomas e condições favoráveis para as doenças da soja, incluindo tombamento, mancha olho de rã, mancha-parda da folha, míldio da soja, oídio da soja, antracnose, mancha-alvo, ferrugem da soja, mofo branco, crestamento foliar de cercóspora, mela da folha, podridão-parda da haste, podridão por Phytoph
O uso de herbicidas é essencial para um bom manejo da lavoura, assim como o conhecimento das plantas daninhas que estão presentes. Nesta apresentação é abordado sobre as principais moléculas de produtos químicos indicadas para a cultura do milho e principais plantas espontâneas presentes no estado de Goiás.
this ppt made for molecular basis of heterosis of crop plant and it has also incuded heterosis on basis of estimation and genetics basis of heterosis. but these points are not properly explation becarse this ppt main aim to explain the heterosis on the basis of heterosis. thank you....
La caroube est le fruit issu du caroubier qui est un arbre de 8 à 10 mètres de haut dont le tronc est raboteux, les branches tortueuses et étalées qui le fait ressembler au pommier
Ouvrez la porte ou prenez un mur (Agile Tour Genève 2024)Laurent Speyser
(Conférence dessinée)
Vous êtes certainement à l’origine, ou impliqué, dans un changement au sein de votre organisation. Et peut être que cela ne se passe pas aussi bien qu’attendu…
Depuis plusieurs années, je fais régulièrement le constat de l’échec de l’adoption de l’Agilité, et plus globalement de grands changements, dans les organisations. Je vais tenter de vous expliquer pourquoi ils suscitent peu d'adhésion, peu d’engagement, et ils ne tiennent pas dans le temps.
Heureusement, il existe un autre chemin. Pour l'emprunter il s'agira de cultiver l'invitation, l'intelligence collective , la mécanique des jeux, les rites de passages, .... afin que l'agilité prenne racine.
Vous repartirez de cette conférence en ayant pris du recul sur le changement tel qu‘il est généralement opéré aujourd’hui, et en ayant découvert (ou redécouvert) le seul guide valable à suivre, à mon sens, pour un changement authentique, durable, et respectueux des individus! Et en bonus, 2 ou 3 trucs pratiques!
Le Comptoir OCTO - Qu’apporte l’analyse de cycle de vie lors d’un audit d’éco...OCTO Technology
Par Nicolas Bordier (Consultant numérique responsable @OCTO Technology) et Alaric Rougnon-Glasson (Sustainable Tech Consultant @OCTO Technology)
Sur un exemple très concret d’audit d’éco-conception de l’outil de bilan carbone C’Bilan développé par ICDC (Caisse des dépôts et consignations) nous allons expliquer en quoi l’ACV (analyse de cycle de vie) a été déterminante pour identifier les pistes d’actions pour réduire jusqu'à 82% de l’empreinte environnementale du service.
Vidéo Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7R8oL2P_DkU
Compte-rendu :
L'IA connaît une croissance rapide et son intégration dans le domaine éducatif soulève de nombreuses questions. Aujourd'hui, nous explorerons comment les étudiants utilisent l'IA, les perceptions des enseignants à ce sujet, et les mesures possibles pour encadrer ces usages.
Constat Actuel
L'IA est de plus en plus présente dans notre quotidien, y compris dans l'éducation. Certaines universités, comme Science Po en janvier 2023, ont interdit l'utilisation de l'IA, tandis que d'autres, comme l'Université de Prague, la considèrent comme du plagiat. Cette diversité de positions souligne la nécessité urgente d'une réponse institutionnelle pour encadrer ces usages et prévenir les risques de triche et de plagiat.
Enquête Nationale
Pour mieux comprendre ces dynamiques, une enquête nationale intitulée "L'IA dans l'enseignement" a été réalisée. Les auteurs de cette enquête sont Le Sphynx (sondage) et Compilatio (fraude académique). Elle a été diffusée dans les universités de Lyon et d'Aix-Marseille entre le 21 juin et le 15 août 2023, touchant 1242 enseignants et 4443 étudiants. Les questionnaires, conçus pour étudier les usages de l'IA et les représentations de ces usages, abordaient des thèmes comme les craintes, les opportunités et l'acceptabilité.
Résultats de l'Enquête
Les résultats montrent que 55 % des étudiants utilisent l'IA de manière occasionnelle ou fréquente, contre 34 % des enseignants. Cependant, 88 % des enseignants pensent que leurs étudiants utilisent l'IA, ce qui pourrait indiquer une surestimation des usages. Les usages identifiés incluent la recherche d'informations et la rédaction de textes, bien que ces réponses ne puissent pas être cumulées dans les choix proposés.
Analyse Critique
Une analyse plus approfondie révèle que les enseignants peinent à percevoir les bénéfices de l'IA pour l'apprentissage, contrairement aux étudiants. La question de savoir si l'IA améliore les notes sans développer les compétences reste débattue. Est-ce un dopage académique ou une opportunité pour un apprentissage plus efficace ?
Acceptabilité et Éthique
L'enquête révèle que beaucoup d'étudiants jugent acceptable d'utiliser l'IA pour rédiger leurs devoirs, et même un quart des enseignants partagent cet avis. Cela pose des questions éthiques cruciales : copier-coller est-il tricher ? Utiliser l'IA sous supervision ou pour des traductions est-il acceptable ? La réponse n'est pas simple et nécessite un débat ouvert.
Propositions et Solutions
Pour encadrer ces usages, plusieurs solutions sont proposées. Plutôt que d'interdire l'IA, il est suggéré de fixer des règles pour une utilisation responsable. Des innovations pédagogiques peuvent également être explorées, comme la création de situations de concurrence professionnelle ou l'utilisation de détecteurs d'IA.
Conclusion
En conclusion, bien que l'étude présente des limites, elle souligne un besoin urgent de régulation. Une charte institutionnelle pourrait fournir un cadre pour une utilisation éthique.
OCTO TALKS : 4 Tech Trends du Software Engineering.pdfOCTO Technology
En cette année 2024 qui s’annonce sous le signe de la complexité, avec :
- L’explosion de la Gen AI
-Un contexte socio-économique sous tensions
- De forts enjeux sur le Sustainable et la régulation IT
- Une archipélisation des lieux de travail post-Covid
Découvrez les Tech trends incontournables pour délivrer vos produits stratégiques.
Le Comptoir OCTO - Équipes infra et prod, ne ratez pas l'embarquement pour l'...OCTO Technology
par Claude Camus (Coach agile d'organisation @OCTO Technology) et Gilles Masy (Organizational Coach @OCTO Technology)
Les équipes infrastructure, sécurité, production, ou cloud, doivent consacrer du temps à la modernisation de leurs outils (automatisation, cloud, etc) et de leurs pratiques (DevOps, SRE, etc). Dans le même temps, elles doivent répondre à une avalanche croissante de demandes, tout en maintenant un niveau de qualité de service optimal.
Habitué des environnements développeurs, les transformations agiles négligent les particularités des équipes OPS. Lors de ce comptoir, nous vous partagerons notre proposition de valeur de l'agilité@OPS, qui embarquera vos équipes OPS en Classe Business (Agility), et leur fera dire : "nous ne reviendrons pas en arrière".
1. TOMATE
(Lycopersicon esculentum)
La tomate est un légume-fruit qui appartient à la famille des Solanacées, au même
titre que la pomme de terre, l'aubergine européenne, le Jaxatu, etc. Elle est originaire
du nord-Ouest de l'Amérique du sud, elle a été domestiquée au Mexique, puis
introduite en Europe au XVIème siècle.
Plante vivace à l'origine, la tomate est cultivée comme une plante annuelle. Son port
est semi-grimpant ou semi-rampant, d'où généralement la nécessité de tuteurer
certaines variétés. A cet égard, on distingue les variétés à croissance déterminée,
semi-déterminée et indéterminée.
F1 JAGUAR
-Variété de saison fraîche et chaude;
- Plante : croissance déterminée,
moyennement vigoureuse
- Fruit : square à ovale, rouge attractif
à maturité, QuickTime™ et un décompresseur
TIFF (LZW) sont requis pour visualiser
Poids moyen : 100 –110 g cette image.
- Précocité 65 jours après repiquage
- Bonne tolérance au TYLCV
- Haut potentiel de rendements.
2. F1 XEWEL
(tomate sauce)
- Variété de saison fraîche et chaude et
humide
- Plante : croissance déterminée
- Fruit : rond légérement aplati, rouge
vif à maturité
Poids moyen : 40–60 g
- Précocité 60 à 65 jours
- Tolérante au TYLCV avec haut potentiel
de rendement
F1 GANILA
(type cerise)
- Plante : croissance déterminée
très productive, vigueur moyenne
- Fruit : square à ovale, très ferme,
rouge vif à maturité,
Petit calibre : 10 –25g
- Précocité 60 à 65 jours
- Bonne tolerance au TYLCV avec un très
bon potentiel de rendement
3. F1 FLAMENCO
Variété de saison fraîche et chaude
Plante : croissance indéterminée
très bonne vigueur, bonne
ramification
Fruit : rond légèrement aplati,
ferme, rouge
Gros calibre : 120 - 240 g
Précocité : 60 - 75 jours après
plantation
Rendement : environ 70 T / ha
F1 NADIRA
Variété de saison fraîche et
chaude
Plante : croissance
déterminée,
bonne vigueur, bonne couverture
des fruits,
Fruit : globe, ferme et bien
rouge
Poids moyen : 70 – 120 g
Précocité : 70 jours après
plantation
Rendement : 50 – 60 T / Ha
Tolérant au TYLCV
4. CHOU POMME (Brassica oleracea, var. Capitata)
Le chou pommé est un légume-feuille de la famille des crucifères probablement
originaire d’Europe. Plante connue depuis la plus haute antiquité, le chou est
actuellement cultivé dans le monde entier, des zones froides jusqu'à celles à climat
équatorial. Cette famille englobe d'autres genres tels que le radis, le navet, etc.
On peut distinguer divers Brassica dont des types sauvages, mais aussi d'autres
formes cultivées telles que Brassica carinnata (légume-feuille important au
Zimbabwé) et la moutarde.
L'espèce oleracea englobe plusieurs variétés botaniques cultivées dont Capitata
(chou pommé) Gemmifera (chou de Bruxelles), Italica (broccoli), Botrytis (chou
fleur), etc. La plante qui est normalement bisannuelle, est cultivée comme plante
annuelle.
On distingue plusieurs types de chou cultivés pour leur pomme :
- les choux à feuilles lisses (cabus)
- ceux à feuilles cloquées (chou de Milan)
- les choux à pommes latérales (chou de Bruxelles).
F1 TROPICA CROSS
Variété hâtive de toute saison,
même en hivernage.
Précocité : 60 – 65 Jours,
Forme : ronde et aplatie
Poids Moyen : 1.5 – 2.9 Kg,
Couleur : verte
5. F1 MILOR
Variété de saison fraîche et chaude;
Précocité : 60 – 65 jours
Forme : pomme ronde et haute
ferme
Poids moyen : 1,5 à 2,5 kg
Bonne résistance à l'éclatement
F1 SANTA
Excellente varièté tardive de saison fraîche
et chaude avec un très bon potentiel de
rendement .
Grosse pomme ronde, Ferme, et
résistante à l’éclatement;
Pomme homogène avec
Un poids moyen : 2 à 3 kg
Bonne couverture de la pomme
6. CAROTTE
(Daucus carota)
La carotte est un légume-racine appartenant à la famille des ombellifères. C'est un
légume de type Européen, qui requiert généralement un climat doux pour se
développer. Néanmoins, les programmes de recherche au niveau international et
national dont celui du groupe Technisem/Tropicasem et sociétés affiliées, tentent de
développer des variétés adaptées à la culture en période difficile, qui sont capables de
former une racine de taille normale dans ces conditions.
BAHIA :
Variété de saison fraîche et chaude ;
Racines : forme conique, longueur 18 à 20 cm
en moyenne, couleur externe orange foncé .
Cœur rouge foncé avec faible démarcation.
Cycle : 90 à 100 jours
Rendement moyen varie entre 20 à 25 T/Ha
Résistance : oïdium et alternaria
NEW KURODA
Racines : forme conique, lisses, coloration
externe rouge orangé, longueur 19 cm en
moyenne, coeur rouge foncé avec une légère
démarcation
Cycle: 100 à 110 jours
Rendement : 20 à 25 T / Ha
bonne adaptation à la chaleur
Tolérance : Alternaria
7. AMAZONIA
Racines : type kuroda, longueur moyenne
14 à 16 cm, couleur externe rouge moyen .
Cœur rouge peu foncé avec une légère
QuickTime™ and a
BMP decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
démarcation, adaptée à la chaleur
Cycle : 90 à 100 jours
Rendement : 30T/Ha
Variété adaptée à la chaleur
Résistance : alternaria
8. GOMBO
(Abelmoschus esculentus)
Le gombo est une plante tropicale originaire d'Afrique. Il fait partie de la
famille des Malvacées comme le coton et l'oseille de Guinée.
C’est une espèce exigente en chaleur, qui peut être cultivée toute l’année
mais donne les meilleurs résultats en saison chaude et humide (saison des
pluies). Par contre en saison sèche et fraîche pendant laquelle les
températures sont plus basses, sa croissance est ralentie et donc son cycle
de culture allongé.
Six variétés de gombo sélectionnées par TROPICASEM pour les pays sahéliens
d’Afrique Tropicale Sèche.
VOLTA
Bon comportement en saison sèche et fraîche.
Plante : vigoureuse bien ramifiée à tige de
couleur vert clair uniforme.
Précocité de production (semis -> début
de récolte) : 55-60 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 120 –130 jours.
Capsule : charnue et mucilagineuse, de section
hexagonale à octogonale (6 à 8 côtes), de couleur
vert moyen à foncé.
INDIANA
Très précoce et bien adaptée à la culture en saison
sèche et fraîche. Plante de taille moyenne à haute,
bien ramifiée mais peu volumineuse permettant une
forte densité de plantation.
Précocité de production : 45 à 55 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 110-120 jours.
Capsule légère et droite de couleur vert moyen à
foncé, à section pentagonale (5 côtes).
9. LOLLI
Bonne couverture foliaire.
Plante : très vigoureuse présentant des tiges de
couleur vert moyen à foncé tacheté de rouge.
Précocité de production : 65-70 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 120-150 jours.
Capsule effilée, lisse à 5 côtes, de couleur vert
très foncé.
YELEEN (Originaire du Mali).
Plante vigoureuse, ramifiée mais petite, à tige
verte légèrement tachetée de rouge, avec des
feuilles de couleur vert foncé et des pétioles
présentant une coloration rouge.
Précocité de production : 60-65 jours
Cycle total de culture : 120-150 jours.
Capsule : de 7 à 10 côtes de couleur vert moyen
plus foncé sur les côtes.
ROUGE DE THIES
Plante vigoureuse et ramifiée de taille moyenne.
Précocité de production : 50-60 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 120 jours.
Capsule fine et cannelée, de section hexagonale
(6 côtes), de couleur rouge foncé.
10. RED ROCKET (Originaire du Sénégal).
Plante vigoureuse à 2/3 rameaux fructifiés de
1.5 m à 1,75 m de haut, à feuilles laciniées.
Bonne adaptation à la culture en saison sèche
et fraîche.
Précocité de production : 50 à 65 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 120 à 130 jours.
Capsule : longue et fine du type Lolli (10 cm
de longueur ; diamètre de 1 à 1,5 cm et poids de
12 grammes). Couleur rouge foncé. Section pentagonale
Trois hybrides F1 sélectionnées par TROPICASEM pour l’exportation sur
l’Europe.
F1 LIMA
Plante vigoureuse de taille moyenne.
Précocité de production (semis ->
début de récolte) : 50-60 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 120 à 130 jours.
Capsule : excellente présentation au stade
récolte pour l’export (10 cm de long).
Capsule lisse et droite de couleur vert moyen
brillant, à section pentagonale (5 côtes).
F1 MADISON (type Clemson Spineless)
Plante très vigoureuse de taille moyenne à haute.
Précocité de production (semis -> début de récolte)
: 55-60 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 120 – 130 jours.
Capsule droite de couleur vert clair à moyen à
section pentagonale (5 côtes). Homogène en
forme et calibre.
11. F1 SAHARI (Type Indiana et Pusa Sawani)
Plante vigoureuse de 1,50 m à 2 m de haut avec
un minimum de 2 rameaux fructifères.
Précocité de production (semis -> début de récolte)
: 50–55 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 120 jours.
Capsule : longue et fine (diamètre 1,5 cm à 10 cm
de long) avec un poids moyen à section pentagonale
(5 côtes).
Deux variétés sélectionnées par TROPICASEM pour les pays Côtiers d’Afrique
Tropicale humide.
HIRE (originaire de Côte d’Ivoire)
Plante ramifiée avec des tiges vert moyen à
foncé tachetées de rouge, des feuilles lobées
vert foncé avec des nervures rouges et pétioles
bicolores.
Précocité de production : 60 à 65 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 110-150 jours.
Capsule légèrement poilue de section octogonale
(8 côtes), de forme trapue avec un bout effilé, de
couleur vert foncé.
PAYSAN (originaire du Cameroun)
Plante haute à grandes feuilles lobées de couleur
vert foncé. Précocité de production : 65-75 jours.
Cycle total de culture : 150 jours.
Capsule : de gros calibres, très poilue, de couleur
vert clair, jusqu’à 7 côtes.
VARIETES STANDARDS
CLEMSON SPINELESS, capsule à section hexagonale (6 côtes)
EMERALD : Capsule à section ronde.