This document summarizes geographical routing in wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to geographic routing protocols, which route packets based on the geographic position of nodes rather than their network addresses. It then discusses several specific geographic routing protocols, including Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) and Geographical and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR). The document also covers topics like how nodes obtain location information, security issues in geographic routing like the Sybil attack, and concludes that geographic routing can enable scalable and energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses various topics related to ad-hoc wireless networks including wireless network concepts, radio propagation mechanisms, characteristics of wireless channels, cellular networks, ad hoc networks, medium access control, routing protocols, multicasting, and transport layer protocols for ad hoc networks. It provides classifications and examples of different types of network architectures, protocols, and issues/challenges in ad hoc wireless networks.
This document summarizes geographical routing in wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to geographic routing protocols, which route packets based on the geographic position of nodes rather than their network addresses. It then discusses several specific geographic routing protocols, including Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) and Geographical and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR). The document also covers topics like how nodes obtain location information, security issues in geographic routing like the Sybil attack, and concludes that geographic routing can enable scalable and energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses various topics related to ad-hoc wireless networks including wireless network concepts, radio propagation mechanisms, characteristics of wireless channels, cellular networks, ad hoc networks, medium access control, routing protocols, multicasting, and transport layer protocols for ad hoc networks. It provides classifications and examples of different types of network architectures, protocols, and issues/challenges in ad hoc wireless networks.
This document discusses multiplexing and multiple access techniques. Multiplexing combines signals from multiple sources onto a single channel without interference by separating the signals in time, frequency, or other domains. Multiple access techniques determine how multiple users share a channel, including techniques like FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and others. Common multiplexing techniques include TDM, FDM, WDM, CDM, and others. Multiple access is implemented at the data link layer while multiplexing operates at the physical layer.
The document discusses routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. It covers both static and dynamic RWA problems. For routing, it discusses integer linear programming formulations for static routing and online algorithms for dynamic routing. For wavelength assignment, it discusses graph coloring approaches for static assignment and heuristics like first-fit for dynamic assignment. Several heuristics for RWA are presented, along with their computational complexities and performance. Future research directions like survivable RWA and managing multicast connections are also outlined.
The document summarizes the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) for mobile ad hoc networks. CBRP divides the network into clusters with cluster heads that maintain routing information and perform routing functions. Key aspects of CBRP include periodic hello messages to track neighbors, identifier-based clustering, on-demand route discovery using cluster heads, source routing with loose and strict routes, local route repair instead of re-routing, and advantages like lower overhead and higher delivery rates compared to other protocols. CBRP is well-suited for situations requiring mobile network connectivity like disaster recovery or military operations.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next generation of mobile broadband technology that provides higher data rates and network throughput compared to 3G. LTE networks use OFDM and SC-FDMA for downlink and uplink, respectively, along with MIMO and an all-IP architecture to improve performance. The network elements include eNBs, SGWs, PDN GWs and MMEs. For operators, LTE provides an opportunity to increase ARPU through new applications and services while decreasing CCPU through an all-IP infrastructure. Mass deployment of LTE is expected to begin around 2012, with LTE Advanced enabling data rates up to 1 Gbps.
This document discusses various techniques used to improve mobile radio link performance including equalization, diversity, and channel coding. It describes equalization techniques that compensate for intersymbol interference caused by multipath. It explains different types of diversity including spatial, time, and frequency diversity that are used to mitigate fading. Specifically, it outlines four common spatial diversity techniques: selection diversity, maximal ratio combining, equal gain diversity, and scanning diversity. The document also discusses time diversity and RAKE receivers used in code division multiple access systems to exploit multipath for additional time diversity gain.
CDMA allows multiple users to access the same wireless channel using pseudo-random codes to distinguish users. It spreads signals across a wide bandwidth and uses coding to prevent interference between signals. CDMA provides advantages like higher capacity, better quality, and enhanced security compared to other multiple access techniques like FDMA and TDMA. However, limitations like imperfect synchronization and varying signal strengths reduce CDMA's capacity in practice compared to theoretical calculations. The main application of CDMA is in mobile phone networks due to its efficient use of bandwidth.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
This document discusses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless communication technology. It provides an overview of CDMA, including that it uses unique digital codes to allow multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously. The document also covers CDMA specifications and standards like IS-95, as well as comparing CDMA to other multiple access technologies like TDMA and FDMA. It addresses topics such as the near-far problem and how CDMA provides advantages like increased network capacity but also challenges like potential self-interference.
FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and DAMA are multiple access techniques that allow multiple users to share access to a satellite for communication. FDMA divides the available bandwidth into different frequency channels. TDMA divides the bandwidth into different time slots. CDMA spreads each user's signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. DAMA dynamically assigns bandwidth according to demand rather than using pre-assigned blocks of time or frequency. These techniques allow efficient sharing of satellite bandwidth among multiple users.
This document discusses the Random Access Channel (RACH) in mobile communication systems. It provides an overview of RACH procedures, including random access slots, preambles, preamble formats, 64 preamble generation using Zadoff-Chu sequences, and preamble timing and type determination. It also describes the contention-based RACH procedure and potential collisions. A key challenge discussed is RACH procedure overload due to massive numbers of devices attempting random access simultaneously. The document reviews potential LTE-A network access methods and research is needed to develop efficient RACH overload control mechanisms.
Routing protocols in wireless sensor networks face several unique challenges compared to other wireless networks. The document discusses these challenges and provides an overview of common routing protocol approaches in WSNs, including flat routing protocols like SPIN and Directed Diffusion, hierarchical routing protocols like LEACH, and location-based routing protocols. It also covers routing design issues specific to WSNs such as energy efficiency, data delivery models, fault tolerance, and quality of service.
Fisheye State Routing (FSR) - Protocol OverviewYoav Francis
Overview of the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) for cellular networks, IDC 2012
By Yoav Francis and Nir Solomon
(Part of a performance comparison of various routing algorithms in cellular networks)
The document provides an overview of LTE physical layer specifications including OFDMA frame structure, resource block structure, protocol architecture, physical channel structure and procedures, UE measurements like RSRP and RSRQ, and key enabling technologies of LTE such as OFDM, SC-FDMA, and MIMO. It describes the LTE requirements for high peak data rates, low latency, support for high mobility users, and enhanced broadcast services.
1) DWDM combines multiple optical signals so that they can be amplified and transmitted over a single fiber, increasing network capacity.
2) Basic DWDM system components include terminal multiplexers and demultiplexers, line repeaters, and optical terminals. Optical add-drop multiplexers allow removal or insertion of wavelengths along the span.
3) Proper link budgeting is required to ensure optical power levels remain above minimum thresholds to maintain signal quality as light propagates long distances through fiber. Regular monitoring and troubleshooting helps ensure transmission quality parameters are met.
The document discusses several routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks:
- DSR allows nodes to cache and share routing information for more efficient routing but has larger packet headers due to source routing. AODV uses only next hop information, keeping routing tables smaller.
- Both protocols use route discovery and maintenance, but AODV proactively refreshes routes while DSR reacts to failures. AODV also uses sequence numbers to prevent loops and choose fresher routes.
- Overall, DSR is better for networks where routes change infrequently while AODV scales better and maintains only active routes, at the cost of higher routing overhead during route discovery. Security remains a challenge for both protocols.
La société « Power Agility », est une société (S.A.R.L) Tunisienne de service et d'ingénierie informatique
Forte de son expérience en la matière, elle offre des prestations qui touchent aussi bien le conseil que la réalisation.
En ce sens, nous accompagnons nos clients pour mettre en place les méthodologies agiles en définissant une trajectoire pour le passage à l'agilité ou en prenant en main le projet du client pour assurer le pilotage. En interne, le choix a été porté sur SCRUM, la méthodologie agile de référence, pour gérer tous les projets.
This document discusses multiplexing and multiple access techniques. Multiplexing combines signals from multiple sources onto a single channel without interference by separating the signals in time, frequency, or other domains. Multiple access techniques determine how multiple users share a channel, including techniques like FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and others. Common multiplexing techniques include TDM, FDM, WDM, CDM, and others. Multiple access is implemented at the data link layer while multiplexing operates at the physical layer.
The document discusses routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. It covers both static and dynamic RWA problems. For routing, it discusses integer linear programming formulations for static routing and online algorithms for dynamic routing. For wavelength assignment, it discusses graph coloring approaches for static assignment and heuristics like first-fit for dynamic assignment. Several heuristics for RWA are presented, along with their computational complexities and performance. Future research directions like survivable RWA and managing multicast connections are also outlined.
The document summarizes the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) for mobile ad hoc networks. CBRP divides the network into clusters with cluster heads that maintain routing information and perform routing functions. Key aspects of CBRP include periodic hello messages to track neighbors, identifier-based clustering, on-demand route discovery using cluster heads, source routing with loose and strict routes, local route repair instead of re-routing, and advantages like lower overhead and higher delivery rates compared to other protocols. CBRP is well-suited for situations requiring mobile network connectivity like disaster recovery or military operations.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next generation of mobile broadband technology that provides higher data rates and network throughput compared to 3G. LTE networks use OFDM and SC-FDMA for downlink and uplink, respectively, along with MIMO and an all-IP architecture to improve performance. The network elements include eNBs, SGWs, PDN GWs and MMEs. For operators, LTE provides an opportunity to increase ARPU through new applications and services while decreasing CCPU through an all-IP infrastructure. Mass deployment of LTE is expected to begin around 2012, with LTE Advanced enabling data rates up to 1 Gbps.
This document discusses various techniques used to improve mobile radio link performance including equalization, diversity, and channel coding. It describes equalization techniques that compensate for intersymbol interference caused by multipath. It explains different types of diversity including spatial, time, and frequency diversity that are used to mitigate fading. Specifically, it outlines four common spatial diversity techniques: selection diversity, maximal ratio combining, equal gain diversity, and scanning diversity. The document also discusses time diversity and RAKE receivers used in code division multiple access systems to exploit multipath for additional time diversity gain.
CDMA allows multiple users to access the same wireless channel using pseudo-random codes to distinguish users. It spreads signals across a wide bandwidth and uses coding to prevent interference between signals. CDMA provides advantages like higher capacity, better quality, and enhanced security compared to other multiple access techniques like FDMA and TDMA. However, limitations like imperfect synchronization and varying signal strengths reduce CDMA's capacity in practice compared to theoretical calculations. The main application of CDMA is in mobile phone networks due to its efficient use of bandwidth.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
This document discusses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless communication technology. It provides an overview of CDMA, including that it uses unique digital codes to allow multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously. The document also covers CDMA specifications and standards like IS-95, as well as comparing CDMA to other multiple access technologies like TDMA and FDMA. It addresses topics such as the near-far problem and how CDMA provides advantages like increased network capacity but also challenges like potential self-interference.
FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and DAMA are multiple access techniques that allow multiple users to share access to a satellite for communication. FDMA divides the available bandwidth into different frequency channels. TDMA divides the bandwidth into different time slots. CDMA spreads each user's signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. DAMA dynamically assigns bandwidth according to demand rather than using pre-assigned blocks of time or frequency. These techniques allow efficient sharing of satellite bandwidth among multiple users.
This document discusses the Random Access Channel (RACH) in mobile communication systems. It provides an overview of RACH procedures, including random access slots, preambles, preamble formats, 64 preamble generation using Zadoff-Chu sequences, and preamble timing and type determination. It also describes the contention-based RACH procedure and potential collisions. A key challenge discussed is RACH procedure overload due to massive numbers of devices attempting random access simultaneously. The document reviews potential LTE-A network access methods and research is needed to develop efficient RACH overload control mechanisms.
Routing protocols in wireless sensor networks face several unique challenges compared to other wireless networks. The document discusses these challenges and provides an overview of common routing protocol approaches in WSNs, including flat routing protocols like SPIN and Directed Diffusion, hierarchical routing protocols like LEACH, and location-based routing protocols. It also covers routing design issues specific to WSNs such as energy efficiency, data delivery models, fault tolerance, and quality of service.
Fisheye State Routing (FSR) - Protocol OverviewYoav Francis
Overview of the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) for cellular networks, IDC 2012
By Yoav Francis and Nir Solomon
(Part of a performance comparison of various routing algorithms in cellular networks)
The document provides an overview of LTE physical layer specifications including OFDMA frame structure, resource block structure, protocol architecture, physical channel structure and procedures, UE measurements like RSRP and RSRQ, and key enabling technologies of LTE such as OFDM, SC-FDMA, and MIMO. It describes the LTE requirements for high peak data rates, low latency, support for high mobility users, and enhanced broadcast services.
1) DWDM combines multiple optical signals so that they can be amplified and transmitted over a single fiber, increasing network capacity.
2) Basic DWDM system components include terminal multiplexers and demultiplexers, line repeaters, and optical terminals. Optical add-drop multiplexers allow removal or insertion of wavelengths along the span.
3) Proper link budgeting is required to ensure optical power levels remain above minimum thresholds to maintain signal quality as light propagates long distances through fiber. Regular monitoring and troubleshooting helps ensure transmission quality parameters are met.
The document discusses several routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks:
- DSR allows nodes to cache and share routing information for more efficient routing but has larger packet headers due to source routing. AODV uses only next hop information, keeping routing tables smaller.
- Both protocols use route discovery and maintenance, but AODV proactively refreshes routes while DSR reacts to failures. AODV also uses sequence numbers to prevent loops and choose fresher routes.
- Overall, DSR is better for networks where routes change infrequently while AODV scales better and maintains only active routes, at the cost of higher routing overhead during route discovery. Security remains a challenge for both protocols.
La société « Power Agility », est une société (S.A.R.L) Tunisienne de service et d'ingénierie informatique
Forte de son expérience en la matière, elle offre des prestations qui touchent aussi bien le conseil que la réalisation.
En ce sens, nous accompagnons nos clients pour mettre en place les méthodologies agiles en définissant une trajectoire pour le passage à l'agilité ou en prenant en main le projet du client pour assurer le pilotage. En interne, le choix a été porté sur SCRUM, la méthodologie agile de référence, pour gérer tous les projets.
Le cryptage RSA est-il intrinsèquement inviolable ? Pour le savoir, nous essayons de comprendre comment il fonctionne et sur quelles mathématiques il s'appuie.
Dave Brookes creó una cuenta de Twitter para la bodega Teusner para promover la marca, construir relaciones con clientes actuales y potenciales, y obtener comentarios del mercado. Comenzó siguiendo a personas influyentes que hablaban de vino e interactuando con ellos de forma cordial. Desde que comenzó a usar Twitter, más gente ha visitado la bodega, ha aumentado el tráfico a su sitio web, y ha recibido más preguntas de clientes en EE.UU. y Canadá. Brookes usa Twitter para construir relaciones, obtener comentarios
Este documento establece nuevos precios máximos de venta para productos como aceites de maíz, girasol y maíz para el productor, distribuidor mayorista y usuario final en Venezuela. Fija precios máximos por unidad de medida e incorpora nuevos productos a regular. También establece deberes como garantizar existencias, etiquetado de precios, y prohibe prácticas que perjudiquen la cadena de distribución. Entrará en vigencia a partir de su publicación.
Este documento discute la importancia de incluir el cuerpo en la oración. Argumenta que el cuerpo y el espíritu están íntimamente conectados, por lo que la oración no puede ocurrir al margen del cuerpo. También explora cómo Jesús vivió su relación con Dios a través de su corporalidad y nos invita a hacer lo mismo. Finalmente, propone que al permitir que Dios entre en todas las dimensiones de nuestro cuerpo, incluidas las más oscuras, podemos dejarnos llevar a espacios de claridad y aceptación.
El documento habla sobre Sócrates, un filósofo de la Antigua Atenas. Vivió durante el siglo V a. C., la época más espléndida de Atenas y toda Grecia antigua. Nació en Atenas y era hijo de Sofronisco, un cantero, y Fainarate, una comadrona.
El SENA está encargado de ofrecer formación profesional integral a los trabajadores colombianos para contribuir al desarrollo social, económico y tecnológico del país. Para el 2020, el SENA busca ser una entidad líder en formación profesional e innovación a través de aportes a la productividad, el empleo, la competitividad y la incorporación de tecnología. El SENA ofrece formación profesional tanto presencial como virtual, buscando desarrollar habilidades en los aprendices para que sean gest
El documento presenta la información de un estudiante de cuarto semestre de la carrera de Ingeniería en Mantenimiento Mecánico en el Instituto Universitario Politécnico "Santiago Mariño" en Venezuela. Incluye los datos del estudiante Freddy Amundaray como su cédula de identidad y el nombre del profesor Pedro Beltrán para el curso "Shideshare" en mayo de 2015.
Microsoft Excel es un programa de hoja de cálculo que se utiliza para ordenar y realizar cálculos con datos de forma precisa y ordenada. Ofrece funciones para intercambiar datos con otros usuarios, crear gráficos dinámicos y segmentar información. Algunas de sus características incluyen plantillas para facilitar el diseño, herramientas para convertir datos en gráficos de manera rápida, y funciones mejoradas para matemáticas, estadística y más.
Visualisation graphique des preuves Électroniques (complet)Olga Ambani
L’objectif principal de ce travail consiste à implémenter une solution Android pour la visualisation graphique des preuves électroniques à travers le QR code.
Cette application permettra aux utilisateurs de générer une image QR contenant les informations clé d’un document électronique signé, et d’insérer cette image sur le document à imprimer afin qu’il puisse être utilisé comme pièce justificatives lors des démarches administratives.
L’image QR pourra être décodée à l’aide d’un Smartphone muni d’un lecteur QR code.
Visualisation graphique des preuves Electroniques Olga Ambani
- Sécuriser les documents électroniques après impression afin qu’ils soient utilisés comme pièces justificatives lors des démarches administratives
- Développement d’une application Android en exploitant l’une des technologies d’encodage qui le QR Code
2. I. Généralité sur l’ UWB (Ultra Wide Band)
II. Le CDMA
1. definition
2. CDMA dans le contexte UWB
III. La chaine de transmission
1. chaine d ’émission
2. le canal
3. Chaine de reception
IV. simulation
3. La technologie à bande ultra large (UWB) a attiré beaucoup
d’intérêt dans les dernières années, particulièrement depuis la
révision en février 2002 de la réglementation « part 15 » de la
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) des États-Unis, qui
permet l’utilisation de la technologie UWB en tant que système
superposé dans la plage de fréquences de 3.1 à 10.6 GHz. Les
principaux attraits de la technologie sont d’importants taux de
transmission, un faible coût et une faible consommation de
puissance.
De par sa nature, la technologie UWB opèrera
nécessairement en présence d’interférents relativement puissant.
L’accès multiple par répartition en code à séquence directe (DS-
CDMA), qui est très efficace pour combattre l’interférence à
bande à étroite, est une technique qui peut potentiellement
exploiter les principaux avantages de la technologie UWB.
4. DEFINITION
Le CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) ou AMRC
(Accès Multiple à Répartition de Code) est une Technique
de multiplexage par code un peu complexe. Les utilisateurs
se partagent toute la bande passante de façon continue, et un
code ou une signature est attribué à chaque utilisateur afin
qu’il soit identifier au niveau du récepteur.
Le CDMA est fondé sur la technique d’étalement de
spectre, et se développe actuellement pour la téléphonie
mobile et/ou le wireless. CDMA est utilisé aussi bien dans
les systèmes UWB que dans la téléphonie de troisième
génération (UMTS), le GPS (Global Positioning
System), les réseaux sans fil.
5. Séquences pseudo-aléatoires de Gold
Les séquences de Gold sont des codes à inter-corrélation et
auto corrélation bornées, obtenus en additionnant
(modulo 2) deux m-séquences appariées. Les codes de
Gold sont utilisés dans les systèmes CDMA asynchrones.
Les séquences de Gold permettent la construction de
séquences longue avec trois valeurs d’auto-corrélation.
L’utilisation de séquence de Gold permet que la
transmission soit asynchrone. Le récepteur peut
synchroniser en utilisant la propriété d’auto-corrélation de
la séquence de Gold.
Les avantages du CDMA : protection (sécurité) des
communications, qualité, faible consommation, flexibilité
de l’allocation…
6. Les systèmes UWB basés sur le CDMA sont bien sûr régis par les
mêmes principes que les systèmes à spectre étalés traditionnels, mais
ils comportent toutefois certaines particularités dont voici les
principales :
La différence fondamentale entre les systèmes UWB et les systèmes à
spectre étalés réside dans le fait que les signaux à spectre étalé sont
modulés par une porteuse sinusoïdale, ce qui implique qu’on transmet
une onde sinusoïdale, alors que les signaux à ultra large bande sont des
trains d’impulsions qui ne sont pas des ondes continues et qui sont sans
porteuse.
La largeur de bande des signaux à spectre étalé se situe habituellement
entre 1 % et 25 % de la fréquence centrale alors qu’elle est supérieure à
20 % de la fréquence centrale pour les signaux à ultra large bande. Pour
fins de comparaison, mentionnons que les signaux à bande étroite ont
généralement une largeur de bande inférieure à 1 % de leur fréquence
centrale.
7. Contrairement aux systèmes à spectre étalé, l’utilisation d’un code PN dans les systèmes utilisant
l’UWB ne sert pas à augmenter la largeur de bande des signaux, car les signaux à bande ultra large
ont fondamentalement une largeur de bande très grande due à la forme des impulsions.
Les signaux à ultra large bande peuvent potentiellement être utilisés dans les mêmes bandes de
fréquences que les signaux d’autres systèmes de transmission, car leur puissance moyenne est très
faible. Au contraire, les fournisseurs de services des systèmes à spectre étalé possèdent leur propre
bande de fréquences d’opération. De nombreuses autres différences peuvent découler de celles
présentées. Quoique les signaux à spectre étalé et les signaux à bande ultra large soient
fondamentalement différents, les systèmes utilisant l’UWB se basent sur les mêmes concepts pour la
transmission et la réception que ceux utilisés pour les systèmes à spectre étalé sauf pour la
génération des formes d’ondes en soi.
8. 1.EMISSION
a - Chaîne d’émission
La chaîne d’émission ‘TransChain()’, est composée de quatre éléments :
le générateur d’impulsions
le modulateur, l’amplificateur
le filtre
l’antenne.
De plus, elle traite les données
bit par bit.
9.
10. Entrées :
Data : Donnée à envoyer (1 bit)
Pulse : motif a moduler avec la donnée (vecteur)
Paramètre :
demod : démodulation ou non
Sorties :
Wave : Onde en sortie d'antenne pour le bit "Data" (vecteur)
PRP : Pulse Repetition Period (période du motif en ns)
Elle possède deux structures : l’une autorise la démodulation alors que l’autre
permet seulement de simuler l’émission et le canal.
11.
12.
13. Le générateur d’impulsions, ‘impulsiongen()’, reçoit en entrée les
paramètres suivants :
- Amplitude du signal (en Volts)
- Paramètre σ de l’impulsion (en nanosecondes)
- Durée totale du motif ou PRP (en nanosecondes)
- Fréquence du cosinus (en GHz)
- Fréquence d’échantillonnage ou résolution (en Picosecondes)
En sortie nous avons
- Une impulsion modulée par un cosinus qui permet de recréer l’effet
d’une dérivation (sous la forme d’un vecteur colonne)
- La densité spectrale d’énergie
Le générateur d’impulsions crée une impulsion Gaussienne modulée par
un cosinus comme suit :
16. Entrée :
Datain : Donnée (mots X bits en vecteur)
Paramètre :
demod : démodulation ou non
Sorties :
Wave : Onde en sortie d'antenne
Waveoutnoise : Onde en sortie de canal
Cette fonction permet de traiter les données, bit à bit, à envoyer au
travers de la chaîne d’émission et du canal. Elle permet aussi d’afficher
certains signaux tels que : onde en sortie d’antenne d’émission, onde en sortie
du canal de S-V, onde en sortie du modèle des pertes, onde en entrée d’antenne
de réception (avec le bruit), DSP (Densité Spectrale de Puissance) en entrée du
canal et DSP en sortie de canal.