The document discusses the present perfect tense and how it is used to talk about actions that began in the past and continue in the present. It provides examples of how to use the present perfect with time expressions like "how long" and "for" as well as the difference between the present perfect and other tenses like the present continuous and simple present. It then gives practice questions for the reader to complete using the present perfect tense.
A monolithic kernel runs all operating system services together in the same memory space as the kernel. This provides rich hardware access but dependencies between system components mean a bug can crash the entire system. A monolithic kernel contains all core OS functions and device drivers as a single program. Modern monolithic kernels like Linux and FreeBSD can load modules at runtime to extend capabilities while minimizing kernel size.
The document discusses the present perfect tense and how it is used to talk about actions that began in the past and continue in the present. It provides examples of how to use the present perfect with time expressions like "how long" and "for" as well as the difference between the present perfect and other tenses like the present continuous and simple present. It then gives practice questions for the reader to complete using the present perfect tense.
A monolithic kernel runs all operating system services together in the same memory space as the kernel. This provides rich hardware access but dependencies between system components mean a bug can crash the entire system. A monolithic kernel contains all core OS functions and device drivers as a single program. Modern monolithic kernels like Linux and FreeBSD can load modules at runtime to extend capabilities while minimizing kernel size.
The document discusses exokernels, which are a class of operating systems that minimize abstractions imposed on developers. Exokernels allocate basic hardware resources like memory and disk blocks to applications and allow each application to implement its own abstractions through library operating systems. This provides performance and customization benefits over traditional monolithic and microkernel operating systems but requires applications to manage lower-level hardware resources. The MIT exokernel project implemented this approach in systems like Aegis and XOK that allocated processor time, memory, disk storage, and networking to applications.
This document presents an overview of biometric technologies. It defines biometrics as the science of measuring and analyzing biological data for authentication purposes, such as fingerprints, iris patterns, and voice. The document outlines the basic components of biometric systems including readers, software, and databases. It also categorizes biometrics as physiological (face, fingerprints, etc.) or behavioral (signature, voice). The document discusses several biometric modalities like fingerprint, face, iris and voice recognition and their uses. It covers issues around privacy, cancelable biometrics, and soft biometrics. Overall, the document provides a high-level introduction to biometrics and their applications.
The kernel is the central part of an operating system that manages input/output requests and translates them into instructions for the CPU and other components. It is responsible for memory management, allocating processes to the CPU, and handling input/output from devices. The basic structure of a kernel includes facilities for the CPU, computer memory, and input/output devices. Kernels can take different forms such as monolithic, micro, hybrid, nano, or exokernel depending on their modularity and how they expose hardware resources to other parts of the system.
This document provides an overview of the Linux kernel, including its history, structure, build process, installation, updating, and customization. It discusses getting the kernel source code, configuring and building the kernel, installing modules and the kernel, applying updates via patches, and determining the correct driver for PCI devices by matching the vendor and device IDs. The key steps are to find the PCI IDs, search for the IDs in kernel headers to identify the driver, search the kernel makefiles and configuration to enable that driver for compilation.
The kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems. It acts as a bridge between applications and hardware, managing system resources and communication. Kernels can be categorized as monolithic, micro, hybrid, or exokernel based on how operating system services are implemented. A monolithic kernel executes all services together, while a microkernel runs most in user space for modularity. Hybrid kernels combine aspects of monolithic and microkernels.
Biometric Security advantages and disadvantagesPrabh Jeet
Biometrics refers to authentication techniques that rely on measurable physiological and individual characteristics to automatically verify identity. A biometric system uses behavioral or biological traits like fingerprints, iris scans, or voice to identify or verify individuals. Identification involves searching a biometric sample against a database of templates, while verification compares a sample to a single stored template. Biometrics are increasingly used for security applications like access control and transactions due to their convenience and effectiveness compared to traditional authentication methods.
1. LES ARTICLES EN FRANÇAIS
– L’article est un déterminant du nom avec
lequel il s’accorde en genre et en
nombre.(comme en espagnol)
• En français il y a trois sortes ( clases)
d’articles qui servent à préciser le sens du
nom dans la phrase.( En francés hay tres
clases de artículos que sirven a precisar el
sentido del nombre en la frase).
2. LES ARTICLES
ARTICLES DÈFINIS ARTICLES INDÈFINIS
• MASCULIN FÈMININ • MASCULIN FÈMININ
• un stylo une salle
• SINGLE le garcon la fille • SINGULIER un ami une ècole
• l`ètudiant l`ètudiante
• PLURIEL les garçons les filles
• PLURIEL des stylos des salles
• les ètudiants les ètudiant • des amis des ècoles
• L`de voyelle ou h muet
3. .- l’article défini ( el artículo definido)
. Le (el), La (la) , Les ( los y las )
• Le théâtre est beau (el teatro es
bello/bonito)( joli/jolie = bonito, bonita)
• La maison est belle ( la casa es bella/bonita)
• Les enfants sont beaux ( los niños son bellos)
4. .- l’article indéfini ( el artículo indefinido)
• : un ( uno, un) , une ( una) des,( unos y unas )
• un âne : (un asno), une maison ( una casa) des chats
( unos gatos) des maisons ( unas casas)
• ( anotación, observaremos que para el plural el
francés sólo utiliza una sóla fórmula)
• (article indéfini comme en espagnol)
5. - l‘article partitif.
• du, de la, (de l’)
• Je mange de la salade, je bois du vin,
il faut de la pluie pour les cultures. ( en espagnol,
par contre cet article
n’existe pas)( como ensalada, bebo vino, La lluvia es
necesiara para los cultivos)
6. LA NÉGATION DES ARTICLES PARTITIFS
• du ne … pas DE
de la ne … pas DE
de l’ ne … pad D’
des ne … pas DE
• - Il a des chiens. > Il n’a pas de chien.
• - Il boit du lait. > Il ne boit pas de lait.
7. Exception dans le cas d'une oppositio
• - Il ne boit pas du lait, mais de l’eau.
• - Y también es excepción cuando se usa el
verbo être :
• C’est de la musique. > Ce n’est pas de la
musique. ( C’est du bruit )
•