The path to a more sustainable world starts at the individual level. Individual actions make up society as a whole. If individuals live sustainably, the planet will prosper. The Bible provides guidance for individuals to live sustainably and make their way prosperous. It instructs people to meditate on God's word day and night so they may observe to do what is written. For those who accept God's gift of salvation through Jesus, the spiritual debt of sin has been paid in full. However, people still incur debts from their treatment of the planet and others. The Bible calls on Christians to do their best to care for creation with the knowledge they have. Righteous nations that lead people in God's path will have a healthy, prosperous
El documento habla sobre el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 5 (ODM 5) que busca mejorar la salud materna. El ODM 5 tiene dos metas: 1) reducir la tasa de mortalidad materna en tres cuartas partes entre 1990 y 2015, y 2) lograr la cobertura universal de la asistencia especializada al parto para 2015. Sin embargo, según los datos de 2005, pocos países en desarrollo van por buen camino para alcanzar el ODM 5, ya que la tasa de mortalidad materna sigue siendo alta en la mayor
Jesús cuando LIBERA al hombre de la ESCLAVITUD del pecado: Reclama su SEÑORÍO sobre el Sábado, nos invita a ir a ésta “catedral del tiempo”, para participar de su Gozo.
1) The document describes a study of 31 patients who underwent a trans-umbilical laparoscopy assisted appendicectomy (TULAA) procedure between November 2011 and October 2012 at a hospital in South Africa.
2) TULAA involves using laparoscopy to mobilize the appendix and deliver it through an incision at the umbilicus, then completing the appendicectomy via an open technique.
3) The results showed that TULAA was an effective approach in selected cases, taking advantage of laparoscopy's visualization benefits while using the familiar open technique. It also avoided the use of some costly disposable equipment required for standard laparoscopy.
Disinfecting wipes and sanitizing wipes offer a convenient way to lead a healthy lifestyle by killing germs in today's unhygienic environments. Disinfecting wipes kill all germs within 10 minutes by applying the wipe to a wet surface and allowing it to dry fully. Sanitizing wipes kill 99.9% of germs within 30 seconds by either cleaning or disinfecting surfaces. The wipes are designed for single use and manufacturers are working to make wipes that clean, disinfect, deodorize and protect users from germs in a cost effective way.
La Navidad se caracteriza por el frío, la nieve en la montaña, el turrón y el mazapán. Se celebra el nacimiento de Jesús con un portal de Belén, los Reyes Magos y Papá Noel. La familia canta villancicos con ritmo y pasa un buen rato juntos durante las fiestas navideñas.
The path to a more sustainable world starts at the individual level. Individual actions make up society as a whole. If individuals live sustainably, the planet will prosper. The Bible provides guidance for individuals to live sustainably and make their way prosperous. It instructs people to meditate on God's word day and night so they may observe to do what is written. For those who accept God's gift of salvation through Jesus, the spiritual debt of sin has been paid in full. However, people still incur debts from their treatment of the planet and others. The Bible calls on Christians to do their best to care for creation with the knowledge they have. Righteous nations that lead people in God's path will have a healthy, prosperous
El documento habla sobre el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 5 (ODM 5) que busca mejorar la salud materna. El ODM 5 tiene dos metas: 1) reducir la tasa de mortalidad materna en tres cuartas partes entre 1990 y 2015, y 2) lograr la cobertura universal de la asistencia especializada al parto para 2015. Sin embargo, según los datos de 2005, pocos países en desarrollo van por buen camino para alcanzar el ODM 5, ya que la tasa de mortalidad materna sigue siendo alta en la mayor
Jesús cuando LIBERA al hombre de la ESCLAVITUD del pecado: Reclama su SEÑORÍO sobre el Sábado, nos invita a ir a ésta “catedral del tiempo”, para participar de su Gozo.
1) The document describes a study of 31 patients who underwent a trans-umbilical laparoscopy assisted appendicectomy (TULAA) procedure between November 2011 and October 2012 at a hospital in South Africa.
2) TULAA involves using laparoscopy to mobilize the appendix and deliver it through an incision at the umbilicus, then completing the appendicectomy via an open technique.
3) The results showed that TULAA was an effective approach in selected cases, taking advantage of laparoscopy's visualization benefits while using the familiar open technique. It also avoided the use of some costly disposable equipment required for standard laparoscopy.
Disinfecting wipes and sanitizing wipes offer a convenient way to lead a healthy lifestyle by killing germs in today's unhygienic environments. Disinfecting wipes kill all germs within 10 minutes by applying the wipe to a wet surface and allowing it to dry fully. Sanitizing wipes kill 99.9% of germs within 30 seconds by either cleaning or disinfecting surfaces. The wipes are designed for single use and manufacturers are working to make wipes that clean, disinfect, deodorize and protect users from germs in a cost effective way.
La Navidad se caracteriza por el frío, la nieve en la montaña, el turrón y el mazapán. Se celebra el nacimiento de Jesús con un portal de Belén, los Reyes Magos y Papá Noel. La familia canta villancicos con ritmo y pasa un buen rato juntos durante las fiestas navideñas.
Two Way Approach For Enucleation Of Maxillary Radicular Cyst.iosrjce
This document describes a case study of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with pain and swelling in the left upper back tooth region. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a large radicular cyst extending from the upper left canine to third molar region. The cyst was initially enucleated through an intraoral approach. Later, a functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed through the maxillary antrum to inspect for any residual cyst lining, since the patient also had a deviated nasal septum requiring septoplasty. No residual cyst was observed during endoscopy. This case report demonstrates that large maxillary radicular cysts can be effectively treated through both conventional intraoral enucleation and an end
Effect of Walking on Fasting Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetesiosrjce
This study examined the effect of 30 minutes of walking on fasting blood sugar levels in 25 male and female adults with type 2 diabetes who were on regular treatment for over one year. Fasting blood sugar levels were measured before and after 30 minutes of walking. The results found a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar levels after 30 minutes of walking compared to without walking, with a p-value of less than 0.001. The study concluded that 30 minutes of walking a day can help control blood sugar levels and plays an important role in managing type 2 diabetes.
AfricaRequests.com offers a personal shopping service in Ghana to address current problems with counterfeits, low quality products, and lack of trust in online transactions. Their solution involves customers requesting products online or at a kiosk, paying 50% upfront. AfricaRequests purchases the products in the US and ships them to Ghana via FedEx within 7-14 days. Customers pay the remaining 50% plus import duties and taxes upon receipt. The service offers high quality goods, after-sales support, and builds trust compared to local and online options. Projections estimate the business will generate over $2 million in revenue and $169,000 in profits within 12 months of launching, initially targeting 38,000 university students in Acc
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Role of Serum Zinc and Copper in Children with Gastroenteritisiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Las redes informáticas son una serie de computadoras o dispositivos conectados entre sí por un medio físico o de manera inalámbrica. Estas redes incluyen redes locales (LAN), redes de área amplia (WAN) y redes metropolitanas (MAN), las cuales comparten características como velocidad y alcance limitado.
What Is It Like Working In Industry? Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Nov...Ronald G. Shapiro
Education by Entertainment
What Is It Like Working In Industry?
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Daytona Beach FL
November 8, 2013
Dr. Ronald G. Shapiro, Program Designer and Presenter
Iain Smith, Awesome Participant
Visual Inspection of the Cervix with Acetic Acid and Pap smear Test in Cervic...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
El documento describe los objetivos y conceptos clave relacionados con el estudio de métodos, la ingeniería de métodos, la productividad y la filosofía Kaizen de mejora continua. Los objetivos incluyen desarrollar una actitud crítica para mejorar el área de trabajo y proporcionar las herramientas para descubrir habilidades que aumenten la productividad. La ingeniería de métodos y el estudio de métodos se utilizan para analizar los procesos de trabajo y encontrar formas de mejorar el rendimiento y la eficiencia. La fil
The Influence of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour, Job Engagement and Soc...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Ocular Manifestations In Sickle Cell Disease – A Preventable Cause Of Blindness?iosrjce
This document discusses ocular manifestations in patients with sickle cell disease. It conducted a study of 35 sickle cell disease patients to examine the relationship between hematological parameters and ophthalmic manifestations. The study found that 70% of patients with hemoglobin levels of 6g/dL or less had some ocular abnormality. Common ocular findings included changes to major retinal vessels, hemorrhages in the periphery, and neovascularization. The study concludes that regular ophthalmic exams should be conducted for sickle cell patients to prevent risks of vision loss and blindness from conditions like sickle cell retinopathy.
Detection of Slime-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of organic extracts from Azorella trifurcata and Mulinum echegarayii plants against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods. Four S. aureus strains produced biofilm as detected by two methods. Extracts showed antibacterial activity against tested S. aureus strains, with M. echegarayii 30:70% AcOEt:HEX extract exhibiting the strongest inhibition at 1000 μg/ml. This extract was also effective against the non-biofilm producing control strain. In general, MBC values were slightly higher than MIC values. The results suggest these plant extracts may provide natural alternatives for controlling biofilm-producing S. aureus in the food industry.
Study of clinical and etiological profile of community acquired pneumonia in ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Cross Sectional Study on Language Assessment of Speech Delay in Children 0 to...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
L’étude de lectorat est un outil essentiel pour faire évoluer sa publication. Elle permet de savoir qui lit quoi et comment. Les méthodes d’analyses sont nombreuses pour mieux connaître les attentes des lecteurs. Quels outils mettre en place ? Comment choisir un dispositif adapté à ses moyens et efficace en termes d’enseignements ? Comment en exploiter les contenus ?
• Corinne Da Costa, directrice du département Etudes, Institut d’études des médias Seprem
Two Way Approach For Enucleation Of Maxillary Radicular Cyst.iosrjce
This document describes a case study of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with pain and swelling in the left upper back tooth region. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a large radicular cyst extending from the upper left canine to third molar region. The cyst was initially enucleated through an intraoral approach. Later, a functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed through the maxillary antrum to inspect for any residual cyst lining, since the patient also had a deviated nasal septum requiring septoplasty. No residual cyst was observed during endoscopy. This case report demonstrates that large maxillary radicular cysts can be effectively treated through both conventional intraoral enucleation and an end
Effect of Walking on Fasting Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetesiosrjce
This study examined the effect of 30 minutes of walking on fasting blood sugar levels in 25 male and female adults with type 2 diabetes who were on regular treatment for over one year. Fasting blood sugar levels were measured before and after 30 minutes of walking. The results found a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar levels after 30 minutes of walking compared to without walking, with a p-value of less than 0.001. The study concluded that 30 minutes of walking a day can help control blood sugar levels and plays an important role in managing type 2 diabetes.
AfricaRequests.com offers a personal shopping service in Ghana to address current problems with counterfeits, low quality products, and lack of trust in online transactions. Their solution involves customers requesting products online or at a kiosk, paying 50% upfront. AfricaRequests purchases the products in the US and ships them to Ghana via FedEx within 7-14 days. Customers pay the remaining 50% plus import duties and taxes upon receipt. The service offers high quality goods, after-sales support, and builds trust compared to local and online options. Projections estimate the business will generate over $2 million in revenue and $169,000 in profits within 12 months of launching, initially targeting 38,000 university students in Acc
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Role of Serum Zinc and Copper in Children with Gastroenteritisiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Las redes informáticas son una serie de computadoras o dispositivos conectados entre sí por un medio físico o de manera inalámbrica. Estas redes incluyen redes locales (LAN), redes de área amplia (WAN) y redes metropolitanas (MAN), las cuales comparten características como velocidad y alcance limitado.
What Is It Like Working In Industry? Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Nov...Ronald G. Shapiro
Education by Entertainment
What Is It Like Working In Industry?
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Daytona Beach FL
November 8, 2013
Dr. Ronald G. Shapiro, Program Designer and Presenter
Iain Smith, Awesome Participant
Visual Inspection of the Cervix with Acetic Acid and Pap smear Test in Cervic...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
El documento describe los objetivos y conceptos clave relacionados con el estudio de métodos, la ingeniería de métodos, la productividad y la filosofía Kaizen de mejora continua. Los objetivos incluyen desarrollar una actitud crítica para mejorar el área de trabajo y proporcionar las herramientas para descubrir habilidades que aumenten la productividad. La ingeniería de métodos y el estudio de métodos se utilizan para analizar los procesos de trabajo y encontrar formas de mejorar el rendimiento y la eficiencia. La fil
The Influence of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour, Job Engagement and Soc...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Ocular Manifestations In Sickle Cell Disease – A Preventable Cause Of Blindness?iosrjce
This document discusses ocular manifestations in patients with sickle cell disease. It conducted a study of 35 sickle cell disease patients to examine the relationship between hematological parameters and ophthalmic manifestations. The study found that 70% of patients with hemoglobin levels of 6g/dL or less had some ocular abnormality. Common ocular findings included changes to major retinal vessels, hemorrhages in the periphery, and neovascularization. The study concludes that regular ophthalmic exams should be conducted for sickle cell patients to prevent risks of vision loss and blindness from conditions like sickle cell retinopathy.
Detection of Slime-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of organic extracts from Azorella trifurcata and Mulinum echegarayii plants against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods. Four S. aureus strains produced biofilm as detected by two methods. Extracts showed antibacterial activity against tested S. aureus strains, with M. echegarayii 30:70% AcOEt:HEX extract exhibiting the strongest inhibition at 1000 μg/ml. This extract was also effective against the non-biofilm producing control strain. In general, MBC values were slightly higher than MIC values. The results suggest these plant extracts may provide natural alternatives for controlling biofilm-producing S. aureus in the food industry.
Study of clinical and etiological profile of community acquired pneumonia in ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Cross Sectional Study on Language Assessment of Speech Delay in Children 0 to...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
L’étude de lectorat est un outil essentiel pour faire évoluer sa publication. Elle permet de savoir qui lit quoi et comment. Les méthodes d’analyses sont nombreuses pour mieux connaître les attentes des lecteurs. Quels outils mettre en place ? Comment choisir un dispositif adapté à ses moyens et efficace en termes d’enseignements ? Comment en exploiter les contenus ?
• Corinne Da Costa, directrice du département Etudes, Institut d’études des médias Seprem
Support cours : Comment rédiger un rapport ?SmartnSkilled
Rédigez facilement votre rapport scientifique !
Lors de ce tutoriel, vous allez découvrir la structure et la méthodologie de la rédaction, ainsi que les erreurs à éviter et les règles clés de rédaction.
Vous allez apprendre à valoriser vos résultats, à rédiger une bonne introduction et conclusion et à attirer votre lecteur dès les premières lignes.
Ce tutoriel va vous dévoiler comment choisir un titre convenable mais aussi comment présenter une bonne bibliographie.
Votre formatrice Hiba ZOUAGHI va vous donner ainsi quelques conseils pour rédiger un rapport clair et bien structuré mais aussi va vous lister les erreurs à éviter.
Tutoriel en ligne :
https://www.smartnskilled.com/tutoriel/formation-en-ligne-comment-rediger-un-rapport
Ce recueil annoté de guides sur la planification de la diffusion des connaissances doit vous aider à rejoindre des publics extérieurs au milieu universitaire.
Module 1 - Mise en place des points nodaux GBIF I : Créez un dossier solide p...Alberto González-Talaván
Les dossiers de décision sont des outils très fréquemment utilisés pour présenter des propositions, défendre des positions, convaincre un public, etc.
Les points nodaux du GBIF peuvent tirer bénéfice de l’utilisation de ce cadre de travail, étant donné qu’il requiert un processus systématique de planification et d’esprit critique qui ne peut que porter ses fruits par la suite.
Dans ce module, nous utiliserons les dossiers de décision comme outils génériques. D’autres modules vous donneront un aperçu de la façon dont vos dossiers de décision peuvent être complétés avec un contenu approprié.
Cette présentation correspond au Module 1 de la session d’exercices pour points nodaux du GB20, organisé à Berlin (Allemagne) en octobre 2013.
Tbwa corporate lance une offre présidentielle 2017TBWA\Corporate
Les candidats qui entrent en lice pour participer à une élection présidentielle sont des marathoniens. Comme pour les sportifs, la
phase de préparation est essentielle : fixer un cap, adopter une stratégie, s’entourer d’une équipe habile et réactive. Une phase
de préparation qui nécessite, à l’instar de celle des marathoniens, plusieurs mois voire plusieurs années de travail.
This document provides guidance on developing effective messages to communicate research findings to policymakers. It stresses that research is often not acted upon due to poor communication that fails to reach the intended audience. To have impact, research must be tailored and communicated to the right people using the right tools. Key messages should be designed with the target audience in mind, be memorable, limited in number, and answer "why they should care." Effective messages are relevant, compelling, clear, concise, and action-oriented using techniques like the AIDA rule to attract attention, raise interest, encourage desire for action, and prompt a solution.
This document provides guidance on writing effective policy briefs. It explains that a policy brief is a concise document, between 2-4 pages, that presents research findings and recommendations to decision makers who don't have time for lengthy reports. An effective brief is tailored for its policy audience by considering their interests, level of knowledge, and political context. It makes a clear and evidence-based argument to influence the audience's actions. The document outlines the key components of a policy brief, including an executive summary, introduction, methodology, results and conclusions. It provides tips for writing accessibly, focusing the brief, grounding it in evidence, and disseminating it to the intended audience.
The document discusses different theories on how research informs policymaking processes. The traditional linear model of research directly leading to policy changes is now recognized as oversimplified, as policymaking involves complex political contexts and competing demands. A more realistic model sees policymaking as an iterative process where research plays a minimal role, with policymakers using information in the context of their own agendas. A third approach focuses on interactions between actors and discourse. The document also notes that researchers need to identify which part of the policy process to inform, as this impacts how findings are presented and communicated. It further discusses differences in what researchers and policymakers consider evidence.
The document provides guidance on writing effective policy briefs. It discusses that policy briefs are short documents that present research findings and recommendations to non-specialist policy audiences. The document outlines key elements of a successful policy brief such as understanding the audience, crafting clear and memorable messages, using a standard structure of an executive summary, introduction, methodology, results, implications and recommendations, and avoiding common pitfalls like including too much jargon or methodology. The goal is to distill research into concise yet compelling recommendations to influence policymakers.
This document provides information on using Twitter for research purposes. It discusses what Twitter is, how to get started using it, useful terminology, and ways it can be used to support research. Specifically, Twitter allows researchers to share information about their work, crowdsource research activities, connect with practitioners and colleagues, find relevant information quickly, disseminate content, and network with people they may not otherwise meet. The document also provides "10 commandments" for effective Twitter use, such as putting up an avatar, tweeting regularly, engaging in conversations, and having fun.
Understanding audiences and the appetite for evidenceCommsConsult Ltd.
This document provides guidance on understanding target audiences and stakeholders. It emphasizes that to communicate effectively, one must understand an audience's needs, concerns, and interests. It introduces tools like stakeholder mind maps and alignment-interest matrices to help analyze audiences. A stakeholder mind map prompts mapping key stakeholders and considerations like their alignment with goals and level of influence. An alignment-interest matrix further maps stakeholders based on their alignment and interest levels to identify engagement opportunities. The workshop activities guide attendees in applying these tools to identify stakeholders for a sample project and ways to raise awareness, interest, and influence levels to improve engagement.
This document summarizes a workshop on communicating research to policy processes. The workshop aims to:
1) Increase understanding of how research can inform policy and the role of policy briefs.
2) Produce an outline policy brief for each research project to be finalized after the workshop.
3) Build skills in communicating research effectively to maximize its uptake and impact.
Public relations is the planned effort to establish and maintain goodwill between an organization and its publics. It involves using tactics like annual reports, events, websites and more to communicate with stakeholders. Over time, criteria for judging companies has shifted from product quality and integrity to also include customer service. The public relations industry now employs millions worldwide and generates billions in revenue.
What is the Media? What makes News? AERC Workshop, 2010CommsConsult Ltd.
This presentation was put together by CommsConsult for the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) biannual research workshop on Policy Engagement held in Mombasa, Kenya, November 2010.
This presentation was put together by CommsConsult for the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) biannual research workshop on Policy Engagement held in Mombasa, Kenya, November 2010.
This presentation was put together by CommsConsult for the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) biannual research workshop on Policy Engagement held in Mombasa, Kenya, November 2010.
This presentation was put together by CommsConsult for the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) biannual research workshop on Policy Engagement held in Mombasa, Kenya, November 2010.
The document discusses the media, how it works, and the roles of people within the media. It defines the media as informing, educating, entertaining, and acting as a watchdog. The media shapes public opinion through agenda-setting and representation. It works by guiding principles of fairness, accuracy, and diversity, though ownership and environment influence its operation. The media includes mass media like print, TV, and radio, as well as community and new media. Journalists gather information and pitch ideas to editors, who determine the final product and ensure quality. Editors assign stories and decide what gets published. Media managers set policy and administration while owners ensure operations but ideally do not influence content.
This presentation explores how to engage with the media and create compelling news stories.
It was put together by CommsConsult for the Global Development Network's "Strengthening Institutions to Improve Public Expenditure Accountability" workshop on "Technical Assistance on Communications and Analysis" held in June 2010, Mombasa, Kenya.
1. AERC Policy Brief
Workshop
Addis Ababa, 2015
ÉCRIRE UN DOCUMENT D'ORIENTATION
QU'EST-CE QU'UN DOCUMENT D'ORIENTATION, ET POURQUOI EST-IL SI
IMPORTANT?
Un document d'orientation est un document court et autonome concernant un sujet
seulement. Il présente et décortique les résultats et les recommandations d'un projet de
recherche pour une audience qui ne possède pas les connaissances d'un spécialiste ou pour
ceux qui n'ont simplement pas le temps de lire de longs documents de recherche. La
principale audience d'un document d'orientation comprend ceux qui sont impliqués dans le
processus de prise de décision (par exemple les décideurs politiques) susceptibles d'en
connaître peu voir pas du tout sur le sujet mais qui ont probablement besoin d'avoir des
connaissances générales et des informations contextuelles afin d'exprimer une opinion ou de
prendre une décision. En d'autres termes, une document d'orientation constitue un message
clair et adapté à une audience politique.
Les documents d'orientation représentent un outil essentiel de rapprochement entre la
recherche et la politique. Ils comprennent habituellement entre deux et quatre pages ; entre
1000 et 2000 mots. Assurez-vous que vous êtes clair concernant votre audience, ce qu'elle a
besoin de savoir et quelle action vous souhaitez qu'elle prenne en se basant sur votre
document d'orientation, « le document n'envisage pas qu'il est peu probable que l'audience
réussisse à atteindre ses objectifs » (Datta & Pellini, 2011).
ÉCRIRE UN DOCUMENT D'ORIENTATION EFFICACE EST-IL SI DIFFICILE?
Apprendre à écrire des documents d'orientation efficaces demande
du temps et de la patience. La recherche peut perdre de sa « pureté »
et les résultats peuvent être facilement mal interprétés si un document
d'orientation est mal écrit. Les décideurs politiques, contraints par le
temps et débordés par des sources variées d'informations, sont
susceptibles de prendre une décision tranchante lors du choix des
informations à incorporer dans leurs décisions politiques. Cela signifie
que votre document doit se démarquer des autres, dans sa
présentation et dans la clarté de son contenu. Vous tentez de vendre
votre recherche, soyez clair et soyez entendu!
INGRÉDIENTS POUR UN DOCUMENT D'ORIENTATION
EFFICACE
1. Pensez à votre audience : Sachez qui sont vos lecteurs, quelles
connaissances ils ont sur votre sujet, quel point de vue ont-ils vis-
à-vis de votre message principal, et quels sont leurs intérêts et
inquiétudes. Assurez-vous d'adapter vos messages clés en
conséquence.
2. Pensez au contexte: Vous devez connaître le contexte politique
dans lequel opère votre audience cible. Souvenez-vous que les décideurs politiques ne
sont pas un groupe homogène ; les besoins et les priorités diffèrent selon les secteurs et
les ministères, les niveaux de positionnement (national vs. régional), les rôles dans le
processus de décision politique (niveau de pouvoir) et les phases du processus de prise
de décision / processus politique. Afin d'être applicable, votre document d'orientation doit
être conçu et adapté par rapport au contexte dans lequel votre audience opère.
2. 3. Données - développer un argument persuasif: Réfléchissez à « quelle valeur cela
constitue-t-il pour le lecteur ? » Développez une ligne d'argumentation persuasive
présentant clairement le but de votre document et une vue d'ensemble de vos données.
Articulez votre message de façon à démontrer la qualité de votre recherche, la légitimité
de vos résultats et la transparence des données sur laquelle se basent vos
recommandations politiques.
STRUCTURE DU DOCUMENT D'ORIENTATION
Énoncé principal : [220 mots max]
Introduction : [330 mots max]
Méthodologie : [110-220 mots max]
Résultats et conclusions : [660 mots max]
Références et autres ressources utiles : [220 mots max]
Le meilleur conseil pour votre énoncé principal
L'objectif de ce document d'orientation est de ______ (verbe d'action – comme convaincre,
informer) ______ (audiences(s) cible(s) – par ex. le ministère de l'agriculture) que ______ (ce
qu'il doit se passer – par ex. qu'ils doivent investir dans l'infrastructure routière). (ODI Rapid)
CONSEILS À L'ÉCRITURE D'UN DOCUMENT D'ORIENTATION
1. Ciblez. Tous les aspects du document d'orientation (du message à la mise en page)
doivent se concentrer clairement sur votre audience cible, (ainsi posez-vous la question «
comment mon document d'orientation peut-il avoir le meilleur impact possible sur cette
audience ? » Votre argument doit se baser sur ce qu'elle connait déjà concernant un
problème spécifique, fournir ensuite un aperçu de ce qu'elle ne connait pas et introduire
vos données sur la manière dont le problème peut être abordé.
2. Gardez l'audience à l'esprit lorsque vous écrivez. Utilisez un ton professionnel plutôt
qu'un ton académique.
3. Fondez votre argument sur des données solides et fiables.
4. Soyez bref. L'étendue du document doit être limitée à un problème particulier ou au
domaine particulier d'un problème. N'essayez pas de couvrir tous les éléments de votre
recherche dans un seul document d'orientation.
5. Allez à l'essentiel. Soyez succinct et allez à l'essentiel en utilisant des phrases et des
paragraphes courts.
6. Faîtes attention à votre langage. Cela ne concerne pas seulement l'utilisation d'un
langage clair et simple (c.-à-d. pas de jargon ou de concepts académiques) mais aussi la
fourniture d'un argument bien expliqué et facile à suivre ciblant une audience large mais
instruite.
7. Rendez le texte accessible. Facilitez la lecture du texte en entier pour votre lecteur en le
subdivisant et en utilisant des titres clairs et descriptifs en tant que guides (c.-à-d. la
structure mentionnée ci-dessus).
8. Soyez créatif. Le document d'orientation doit accrocher l'œil de l'audience potentielle
afin de créer une impression favorable (par ex. professionnel, innovant, etc.) Réfléchissez
de manière créative sur la manière de présenter les informations, par ex. par l'utilisation
de couleurs, de photographies, de slogans, de citations illustratrices, d'encadrés, etc.
9. Soyez pratique. Le document d'orientation est un outil orienté sur l'action destiné aux
acteurs politiques. Ainsi, le document doit fournir des arguments basés sur ce qui se
passe réellement en pratique dans une politique particulière et proposer des
recommandations qui semblent réalistes pour l'audience cible.
10. Faîtes que votre document d'orientation soit transmis. Ne vous attendez pas à ce
que votre document soit lu. Mettez-y de l'énergie, collaborez avec les relais
d'informations (ceux dont le travail est d'accéder aux informations de recherches et de les
adapter aux différentes audiences), ou allez voir directement les décideurs politiques et
présentez votre document d'orientation. Vous pouvez également explorer l'utilisation des
réseaux sociaux comme Twitter, Social Bookmarking afin d'attirer l'attention sur votre
document d'orientation.