This document provides an introduction to phonology, which is the study of sound patterns in language. It defines key concepts in phonology including phonemes, allophones, segmental and suprasegmental phonemes. It outlines the vowel and consonant phonemes of English, how consonants are distributed, and examples of consonant allophones. It also discusses minimal pairs and consonant clusters.
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception. It examines how sounds are made, their physical properties, and how they are perceived. Phonology studies the sound systems within languages and the abstract patterns and relationships between sounds. The main difference is that phonetics looks at actual speech sounds, while phonology examines the functional and contrastive sound units (phonemes) in a language and how they are organized. The aim of studying phonology is to understand the phoneme inventory of a language and how phonemes pattern and relate to each other through phonological processes.
The document discusses input, interaction, teacher talk, and foreigner talk in second language acquisition. It summarizes theories that comprehensible input and interaction are important for acquisition. Teacher talk is simplified language used by teachers to aid comprehension, while foreigner talk refers to modifications native speakers make when addressing non-native speakers. Both teacher talk and foreigner talk aim to facilitate understanding through simplification and other adjustments based on the listener's language level.
This document provides an introduction to phonology, which is the study of sound patterns in language. It defines key concepts in phonology including phonemes, allophones, segmental and suprasegmental phonemes. It outlines the vowel and consonant phonemes of English, how consonants are distributed, and examples of consonant allophones. It also discusses minimal pairs and consonant clusters.
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception. It examines how sounds are made, their physical properties, and how they are perceived. Phonology studies the sound systems within languages and the abstract patterns and relationships between sounds. The main difference is that phonetics looks at actual speech sounds, while phonology examines the functional and contrastive sound units (phonemes) in a language and how they are organized. The aim of studying phonology is to understand the phoneme inventory of a language and how phonemes pattern and relate to each other through phonological processes.
The document discusses input, interaction, teacher talk, and foreigner talk in second language acquisition. It summarizes theories that comprehensible input and interaction are important for acquisition. Teacher talk is simplified language used by teachers to aid comprehension, while foreigner talk refers to modifications native speakers make when addressing non-native speakers. Both teacher talk and foreigner talk aim to facilitate understanding through simplification and other adjustments based on the listener's language level.
Tableaux destinés à la correction de voyelles et des consonnes du français mal réalisées par des locuteurs étrangers. Pour les utiliser au mieux, il est nécessaire d'avoir étudié les fondements théoriques de la méthode verbo-tonale de correction phonétique et d'avoir visionné des séquences de correction phonétique enregistrées en direct. Pour cela, aller au site web de référence dont l'adresse URL est indiquée sur la 1ère diapo.
This document discusses English phonetics and phonology. It begins by defining short vowels, long vowels, and diphthongs using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Examples of each are provided. The difference between voiced and voiceless consonants is explained. Voiced consonants involve vocal cord vibration while voiceless consonants do not. Aspirated and unaspirated consonants are also discussed. The concept of minimal pairs, which are pairs of words that differ by one sound only, is introduced as a tool for analyzing sounds. Key phonetic concepts like voicing, aspiration, diphthongs and triphthongs are defined. Videos are provided for practicing different vowel and consonant
The document discusses 12 strategies for effective language teaching: 1) maximize learning opportunities by adjusting lessons based on student understanding, 2) minimize mismatches between teacher intentions and student interpretations, 3) facilitate negotiated interaction to encourage student participation beyond simple reactions, 4) promote learner autonomy by teaching students how to self-direct their learning, 5) foster language awareness to explicitly draw attention to language properties, 6) activate intuitive heuristics by providing rich data for students to infer rules, 7) contextualize linguistic input within themes to mirror natural language use, 8) integrate language skills rather than separating them, 9) ensure social relevance by considering the educational environment, 10) raise cultural consciousness by acknowledging student power and knowledge, and 11) treat students as cultural
This document provides an introduction to translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between translation and interpretation, noting that translation involves written text while interpretation can be simultaneous or consecutive. It outlines the skills, qualities and training needed for those careers. It also discusses approaches to translation and the differences between translation and interpretation as professions.
General anesthetics produce reversible loss of consciousness and sensation through their effects on the central nervous system. There are several stages of general anesthesia from initial analgesia to surgical anesthesia and eventual medullary paralysis. General anesthetics can be administered via inhalation of gases or volatile liquids like ether, halothane, and nitrous oxide. They can also be given intravenously as inducing agents like thiopental sodium and propofol or slower acting drugs like ketamine, benzodiazepines, fentanyl, and alpha-2 agonists like dexmedetomidine. Each drug has advantages and disadvantages for induction, maintenance of anesthesia, and postoperative recovery.
This document discusses the structure of the English syllable. It defines a syllable as consisting of a center with less obstruction to airflow, known as the nucleus, surrounded by optional onset and coda elements with greater obstruction. The minimum syllable contains just a vowel nucleus, while other syllables may include up to three consonants in the onset before the vowel and up to four consonants in the coda after the vowel. In some cases, a consonant such as /l/, /r/, or nasal can act as the syllabic nucleus instead of a vowel.
L'influence de la linguistique structurale sur la didactique du français langue étrangère dans les années 60-70 avant son déclin à partir des années 80 en raison de la montée en force de l'interculturel.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by James Asher that uses physical actions in response to verbal commands to teach language comprehension before speaking. It is based on theories that language learning is most successful when it mirrors natural child development of listening before speaking, involves the right brain, and reduces stress. In a TPR classroom, the teacher decides on vocabulary and grammar to present through imperative drills while students physically respond, with little student influence over content. The method aims to produce learners who can communicate orally with native speakers.
1) Phonological processes are sound changes that occur in spoken language. This document discusses several English phonological processes including aspiration of consonants, flapping of /t/ and /d/, vowel lengthening before voiced consonants, and assimilation which causes sounds to become more similar to neighboring sounds.
2) The document also covers sound changes involving insertion, deletion, or modification of sounds within words through processes like epenthesis, metathesis, apocope, syncope, and apophony which involve internal changes to indicate grammatical information.
3) Examples of sound changes from other languages like Spanish and Tagalog are provided to illustrate how these phonological processes can vary across languages.
Oto prezentacja z serii FONETYKA I FONOLOGIA dla studentów IJ/UAM w ramach Wstępu do językoznawstwa.
Zapraszam do zadawania pyań lub komentowania i poprawiania;).
This document discusses key concepts in phonology, including:
1. Phonology studies the distribution and interaction of sounds in a language, as well as how speech sounds are organized. It examines which sounds are predictable and the context that predicts them.
2. Phonetics studies how speech sounds are physically produced and perceived, while phonology studies how they are organized in a language.
3. Phonemes are abstract sound categories that underlie predictable phonetic variations called allophones. Choosing the underlying phonemic representation considers factors like naturalness, similarity between sounds, and how well it fits the language's patterns.
4. Phonological rules describe the environment where one sound becomes another, linking
Phonemes are the smallest units that distinguish meaning in a language. They are abstract and contrastive. Phones are concrete speech sounds that are realizations of phonemes. Allophones are variant phones that are predictable realizations of a single phoneme. Complementary distribution occurs when similar phones cannot appear in the same context and are considered allophones. Free variation occurs when phones can be substituted without changing meaning. The document also discusses syllable structure in English and features of consonant distribution and realization.
Enjeux et défis de la phonétique corrective en fleMichel Billières
Un exposé destiné à présenter l'intérêt de pratiquer la correction phonétique en L2 et s'adressant à des personnes n'ayant pas de connaissances ni en linguistique ni en phonétique.
The document discusses how words are modified in connected speech from their isolated forms through various phonetic processes like assimilation, elision, vowel reduction, strong and weak forms, liaison, and contractions. It provides examples of each process and explains how they systematically alter words between and within utterances to form a fluent speech stream while still maintaining cues to word boundaries through features like stress, vowel length, and consonant allophones. The extent of variation depends on the formality of the speech.
This document provides instruction on using object pronouns with the past tense (passé composé) in French. It states that the object pronoun is always placed before the auxiliary verb "avoir" in the past tense. It then lists subject pronouns and object pronouns. In exercises, learners are asked to fill in missing object pronouns before the auxiliary verbs in sentences. The document prepares learners for exercises focusing on correctly placing object pronouns with the past tense.
1) La leyenda cuenta la historia de Naymlap, un héroe divinizado que guió una flota hacia la región que luego se llamaría Perú.
2) Al desembarcar Naymlap en la playa, ordenó erigir un monumento que celebrase la alianza entre el mar y la tierra.
3) Más tarde, Naymlap decidió partir y dejar a su gente, despegando sus alas y desapareciendo tras el horizonte.
Esta historia trata sobre una familia compuesta por los padres y una hija de 15 años llamada Teresa. Teresa pasaba mucho tiempo sola porque sus padres trabajaban todo el día, por lo que le compraron un perro para que le hiciera compañía. Una noche, mientras sus padres estaban fuera, Teresa escuchó ruidos extraños en la casa y al día siguiente encontró a su perro muerto, con un mensaje en el espejo que decía que su perro no era el único que la acompañaba por las noches. Desde entonces, Teresa
Tableaux destinés à la correction de voyelles et des consonnes du français mal réalisées par des locuteurs étrangers. Pour les utiliser au mieux, il est nécessaire d'avoir étudié les fondements théoriques de la méthode verbo-tonale de correction phonétique et d'avoir visionné des séquences de correction phonétique enregistrées en direct. Pour cela, aller au site web de référence dont l'adresse URL est indiquée sur la 1ère diapo.
This document discusses English phonetics and phonology. It begins by defining short vowels, long vowels, and diphthongs using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Examples of each are provided. The difference between voiced and voiceless consonants is explained. Voiced consonants involve vocal cord vibration while voiceless consonants do not. Aspirated and unaspirated consonants are also discussed. The concept of minimal pairs, which are pairs of words that differ by one sound only, is introduced as a tool for analyzing sounds. Key phonetic concepts like voicing, aspiration, diphthongs and triphthongs are defined. Videos are provided for practicing different vowel and consonant
The document discusses 12 strategies for effective language teaching: 1) maximize learning opportunities by adjusting lessons based on student understanding, 2) minimize mismatches between teacher intentions and student interpretations, 3) facilitate negotiated interaction to encourage student participation beyond simple reactions, 4) promote learner autonomy by teaching students how to self-direct their learning, 5) foster language awareness to explicitly draw attention to language properties, 6) activate intuitive heuristics by providing rich data for students to infer rules, 7) contextualize linguistic input within themes to mirror natural language use, 8) integrate language skills rather than separating them, 9) ensure social relevance by considering the educational environment, 10) raise cultural consciousness by acknowledging student power and knowledge, and 11) treat students as cultural
This document provides an introduction to translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between translation and interpretation, noting that translation involves written text while interpretation can be simultaneous or consecutive. It outlines the skills, qualities and training needed for those careers. It also discusses approaches to translation and the differences between translation and interpretation as professions.
General anesthetics produce reversible loss of consciousness and sensation through their effects on the central nervous system. There are several stages of general anesthesia from initial analgesia to surgical anesthesia and eventual medullary paralysis. General anesthetics can be administered via inhalation of gases or volatile liquids like ether, halothane, and nitrous oxide. They can also be given intravenously as inducing agents like thiopental sodium and propofol or slower acting drugs like ketamine, benzodiazepines, fentanyl, and alpha-2 agonists like dexmedetomidine. Each drug has advantages and disadvantages for induction, maintenance of anesthesia, and postoperative recovery.
This document discusses the structure of the English syllable. It defines a syllable as consisting of a center with less obstruction to airflow, known as the nucleus, surrounded by optional onset and coda elements with greater obstruction. The minimum syllable contains just a vowel nucleus, while other syllables may include up to three consonants in the onset before the vowel and up to four consonants in the coda after the vowel. In some cases, a consonant such as /l/, /r/, or nasal can act as the syllabic nucleus instead of a vowel.
L'influence de la linguistique structurale sur la didactique du français langue étrangère dans les années 60-70 avant son déclin à partir des années 80 en raison de la montée en force de l'interculturel.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by James Asher that uses physical actions in response to verbal commands to teach language comprehension before speaking. It is based on theories that language learning is most successful when it mirrors natural child development of listening before speaking, involves the right brain, and reduces stress. In a TPR classroom, the teacher decides on vocabulary and grammar to present through imperative drills while students physically respond, with little student influence over content. The method aims to produce learners who can communicate orally with native speakers.
1) Phonological processes are sound changes that occur in spoken language. This document discusses several English phonological processes including aspiration of consonants, flapping of /t/ and /d/, vowel lengthening before voiced consonants, and assimilation which causes sounds to become more similar to neighboring sounds.
2) The document also covers sound changes involving insertion, deletion, or modification of sounds within words through processes like epenthesis, metathesis, apocope, syncope, and apophony which involve internal changes to indicate grammatical information.
3) Examples of sound changes from other languages like Spanish and Tagalog are provided to illustrate how these phonological processes can vary across languages.
Oto prezentacja z serii FONETYKA I FONOLOGIA dla studentów IJ/UAM w ramach Wstępu do językoznawstwa.
Zapraszam do zadawania pyań lub komentowania i poprawiania;).
This document discusses key concepts in phonology, including:
1. Phonology studies the distribution and interaction of sounds in a language, as well as how speech sounds are organized. It examines which sounds are predictable and the context that predicts them.
2. Phonetics studies how speech sounds are physically produced and perceived, while phonology studies how they are organized in a language.
3. Phonemes are abstract sound categories that underlie predictable phonetic variations called allophones. Choosing the underlying phonemic representation considers factors like naturalness, similarity between sounds, and how well it fits the language's patterns.
4. Phonological rules describe the environment where one sound becomes another, linking
Phonemes are the smallest units that distinguish meaning in a language. They are abstract and contrastive. Phones are concrete speech sounds that are realizations of phonemes. Allophones are variant phones that are predictable realizations of a single phoneme. Complementary distribution occurs when similar phones cannot appear in the same context and are considered allophones. Free variation occurs when phones can be substituted without changing meaning. The document also discusses syllable structure in English and features of consonant distribution and realization.
Enjeux et défis de la phonétique corrective en fleMichel Billières
Un exposé destiné à présenter l'intérêt de pratiquer la correction phonétique en L2 et s'adressant à des personnes n'ayant pas de connaissances ni en linguistique ni en phonétique.
The document discusses how words are modified in connected speech from their isolated forms through various phonetic processes like assimilation, elision, vowel reduction, strong and weak forms, liaison, and contractions. It provides examples of each process and explains how they systematically alter words between and within utterances to form a fluent speech stream while still maintaining cues to word boundaries through features like stress, vowel length, and consonant allophones. The extent of variation depends on the formality of the speech.
This document provides instruction on using object pronouns with the past tense (passé composé) in French. It states that the object pronoun is always placed before the auxiliary verb "avoir" in the past tense. It then lists subject pronouns and object pronouns. In exercises, learners are asked to fill in missing object pronouns before the auxiliary verbs in sentences. The document prepares learners for exercises focusing on correctly placing object pronouns with the past tense.
1) La leyenda cuenta la historia de Naymlap, un héroe divinizado que guió una flota hacia la región que luego se llamaría Perú.
2) Al desembarcar Naymlap en la playa, ordenó erigir un monumento que celebrase la alianza entre el mar y la tierra.
3) Más tarde, Naymlap decidió partir y dejar a su gente, despegando sus alas y desapareciendo tras el horizonte.
Esta historia trata sobre una familia compuesta por los padres y una hija de 15 años llamada Teresa. Teresa pasaba mucho tiempo sola porque sus padres trabajaban todo el día, por lo que le compraron un perro para que le hiciera compañía. Una noche, mientras sus padres estaban fuera, Teresa escuchó ruidos extraños en la casa y al día siguiente encontró a su perro muerto, con un mensaje en el espejo que decía que su perro no era el único que la acompañaba por las noches. Desde entonces, Teresa
El documento describe las diferentes opciones que se pueden utilizar con el comando "java" para ejecutar programas Java. Explica opciones como -Xmx para establecer el tamaño máximo de memoria, -Xms para establecer el tamaño inicial de memoria, y -Xss para establecer el tamaño máximo de la pila de cada hilo.
Les réseaux sociaux comme pierre angulaire de l’environnement personnel d’app...Caféine.Studio
Vidéo de la présentation : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecu4Pq8Sawc
Article (.pdf) : http://podcast.ulb.ac.be/site/PDF_DOC/ColloquePole_NR.pdf
Roland, N. (2013). Les réseaux sociaux comme pierre angulaire de l’environnement personnel d’apprentissage. Actes du Colloque Colloque Génération Y, réseaux (anti) sociaux et enseignement ? Entre fascination et rejet. Bruxelles : Académie Wallonie-Bruxelles.
El documento habla sobre la Web 2.0 y el Internet. La Web 2.0, también conocida como la Web Social, engloba espacios web basados en comunidades de usuarios. El Internet es una red descentralizada de redes interconectadas que usan protocolos TCP/IP para funcionar como una red lógica global. Algunos servicios populares de la Web 2.0 son blogs, wikis y repositorios de videos como YouTube.
Integración de las funciones universitariasWilson Patiño
El documento discute las bondades y dificultades de integrar la docencia, investigación y gestión universitaria. Señala que la integración de estas funciones permite formar a los estudiantes de manera integral y desarrollar un pensamiento crítico. Sin embargo, la ampliación de la cobertura ha limitado en ocasiones el ejercicio docente debido a salones abarrotados y falta de infraestructura e instalaciones adecuadas. Aun así, la integración de estas funciones es necesaria para acercar a los estudiantes a proces
El documento resume cuatro géneros musicales: blues, disco, hip hop y electrónica. Explica que el blues surgió en Estados Unidos a principios del siglo XX entre los esclavos. La música disco se popularizó en las salas de baile en los años 1970 a partir de géneros como el soul y el funk. El hip hop se originó en el Bronx y Harlem en los años 1970 y se caracteriza por el rap, el turntablism, el breaking y el grafiti. La música electrónica ha evolucionado para incluir tanto formas experimentales como popul
El resumen del documento en 3 oraciones o menos es:
El controlador no modificará la trayectoria de una aeronave que siga una resolución de ACAS hasta que el piloto indique que volverá a seguir las instrucciones del control de tráfico aéreo, pero proveerá información sobre el tráfico según sea apropiado. La ATC puede instruir a una aeronave a cambiar su distintivo de llamada por radio para evitar confusiones cuando los distintivos de dos aeronaves sean similares. El documento también cubre procedimientos para cuando h
La nutrición se define como el aprovechamiento de los nutrientes para mantener el equilibrio homeostático del organismo a nivel molecular y macroscópico. En 1964 se creó un foro académico para estudiar la nutrición en la región desde la producción de alimentos hasta la epidemiología nutricional. Existen dos tipos de nutrición: autótrofa, que se alimenta por sí mismo, y heterótrofa, que se alimenta de otro. Una dieta adecuada es crucial para el rendimiento deportivo pues puede marcar la diferencia entre
El documento describe los componentes básicos del hardware y software de una computadora. El hardware incluye partes visibles como la pantalla, teclado, torre y ratón. El software se refiere a programas y datos almacenados y incluye software de sistema como sistemas operativos, software de programación como editores de texto y compiladores, y software de aplicación. También compara ventajas y desventajas del software libre y propietario.
Fondements méthode verbo tonale de phonétique corrective appliquée au français langue étrangère FLE.
Correspond à un cours d'initiation pour formateurs de formateurs et (futurs) professeurs de langue vivante et plus particulièrement de FLE.
une vue sur le structuralisme qui reste un courant linguistique qui a bouleversé le monde linguistique, un pas de l'humanité vers le développement vécu à nos jours.
Anticipation ou Extraction Cataphorique, Dans La Phrase en ContexteEditions La Dondaine
Vous trouverez ci-après la Table des matières et mes remarques sur l’article de Louis Begioni et Alvaro Rocchetti qui soulève un certain nombres de questions en phylogénie du langage considérée seulement pour les langues romanes exclusivement en Europe et donc tardivement dans l’après glaciation, excluant toute connexion avec le Grec (voire l’Arménien), mais faisant deux ou trois fois une comparaison avec l’anglais qui est une langue germanique très créolisée, il est vrai, au contact conquérant du français normand. Le français est fortement signalé comme exceptionnel sans faire référence au contact fort avec le Celte, gaulois, breton et autres, et les langues germaniques (spécificités de contacts importants pour la langue d’Oïl et le Picard).
Dr. Jacques Coulardeau, Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne.
Les eleves en difficulte d'apprentissage de la lecture – Valdois, SDyslexia International
Dans cet exposé, Sylviane Valdois décrit les mécanismes qui sous-tendent l'identification des mots écrits, les sources des difficultés d'apprentissage de la lecture. Elle aborde également la prévention des troubles de l'apprentissage de la lecture, en particulier à l'école maternelle, ainsi que les aides et les aménagements qui peuvent être proposés en classe aux élèves en difficulté.
2. PHONÉTIQUE PHONOLOGIE GRAMMAIRE SÉMANTIQUE PRAGMATIQUE
Est divisé en:
Est la science qui Étudie le sens des
étudie les sons du MORPHOLOGIE SINTAXIE mots et de leur
langage. historique
Étudie comment organiser
correctement les mots,
former des phrases et des phrases.
Étudie comment organiser
étudie l'organisation des sons correctement les mots pour
d'une langue afin de former un former des phrases et des
énoncé phrases.
3. PHONÉTIQUE ARTICULATOIRE:
la plus ancienne des trois branches de la phonétique, elle étudie la manière
dont les sons du langage humain sont produits. La description des articulations
se fait à l’aide de trois variables : l’activité du larynx (voisement ou
sonorisation), l’endroit où se situe le resserrement maximum de la bouche
(point d’articulation), et la façon dont s’effectue l’écoulement de l’air à travers
le chenal phonatoire (mode d’articulation).
PHONÉTIQUE ACOUSTIQUE:
étudie la transmission des sons dans l'air selon ses caractéristiques physiques
(fréquence, intensité, durée, etc.)
PHONÉTIQUE AUDITIVE:
étudie les processus d'audition du langage, la façon dont l'humain perçoit et
reconnaît le sons.
4. C'est le rapport entre la langue et ceux qui la parlent. On
pourrait dire qu'elle s'intéresse aux conséquences des
énoncés en plus de leur contenu.. Elle étudie particulièrement
la parole sous l'angle des intentions et des effets dans le
cadre de la communication.
Étude de l'utilisation (littérale, figurée ou autre) des énoncés dans
les actes d'énonciation.