The document discusses quality assurance in nuclear medicine, outlining general principles and procedures for ensuring high quality patient care and radiation safety. It covers organizing a quality assurance program, administrative routines like requesting exams and generating reports, monitoring occupational and medical exposure, maintaining instrumentation, and educating staff. The overall goal is continual improvement in diagnostic accuracy, effective use of resources, and optimization of radiation dose for patients and workers.
This document discusses emergency response and preparedness in a radiation department. It defines a radiation emergency and classifies emergencies by whether they affect equipment, an individual patient, or many patients. Potential sources of error leading to emergencies in radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, brachytherapy, and diagnostic radiology are described. Regulations regarding reporting and investigating emergencies are summarized. Steps for handling common emergency situations like source stucks are outlined. The responsibilities of licensees and radiation safety officers in emergency planning and response are also covered.
This document provides an overview of various nuclear medicine imaging procedures, including the radiotracers used and their clinical applications. Some examples covered are 99mTc-HMPAO brain perfusion imaging for evaluating stroke and seizures, 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scanning for assessing heart disease, 99mTc-DMSA renal scanning in children to identify kidney abnormalities, and 99mTc sulfur colloid lymphoscintigraphy for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in cancers like melanoma. The document discusses the indications, protocols, and interpretations for many common nuclear medicine exams.
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body. It has advanced beyond a tomographic imaging technique to a volume imaging technique. The first MRI experiment was conducted in 1946. Important developments included Raymond Damadian constructing the first MRI scanner in 1977 and Peter Mansfield developing echo planar imaging. MRI works by aligning hydrogen protons in water and fat using magnetism and radio waves, and using magnetic field gradients to spatially encode the signal from tissues to form images. It is useful for diagnosing conditions, injuries and evaluating masses without using ionizing radiation.
Cobalt-60 is produced by neutron activation of cobalt-59 in nuclear reactors. It is used as a gamma ray source in radiation therapy. A cobalt-60 therapy machine consists of a cobalt source head that houses the radioactive cobalt-60 source, a treatment table, and a collimator. The cobalt-60 source has a diameter of 1-3 cm and is enclosed in multiple metal layers for shielding. It is used to treat cancers in areas close to the skin like the head, neck, breast, and extremities. Advantages include treating lymph nodes, but disadvantages are the need for source replacement and lower dose rates compared to linear accelerators.
Radiation safety in diagnostic nuclear medicineSGPGIMS
1. Radiation is a form of energy emitted by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Ionizing radiation can eject electrons from atoms and produce ions, while non-ionizing radiation excites electrons.
2. People are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and man-made sources. Naturally occurring sources include terrestrial radiation, cosmic radiation, and internal radiation. Medical procedures such as CT scans, nuclear medicine exams, and fluoroscopy account for over 90% of man-made radiation exposure.
3. Radiation protection aims to take advantage of the benefits of radiation use while preventing deterministic effects and limiting stochastic effects to acceptable levels. Occupational dose limits are higher than public limits, and some populations like
The document discusses quality assurance in nuclear medicine, outlining general principles and procedures for ensuring high quality patient care and radiation safety. It covers organizing a quality assurance program, administrative routines like requesting exams and generating reports, monitoring occupational and medical exposure, maintaining instrumentation, and educating staff. The overall goal is continual improvement in diagnostic accuracy, effective use of resources, and optimization of radiation dose for patients and workers.
This document discusses emergency response and preparedness in a radiation department. It defines a radiation emergency and classifies emergencies by whether they affect equipment, an individual patient, or many patients. Potential sources of error leading to emergencies in radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, brachytherapy, and diagnostic radiology are described. Regulations regarding reporting and investigating emergencies are summarized. Steps for handling common emergency situations like source stucks are outlined. The responsibilities of licensees and radiation safety officers in emergency planning and response are also covered.
This document provides an overview of various nuclear medicine imaging procedures, including the radiotracers used and their clinical applications. Some examples covered are 99mTc-HMPAO brain perfusion imaging for evaluating stroke and seizures, 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scanning for assessing heart disease, 99mTc-DMSA renal scanning in children to identify kidney abnormalities, and 99mTc sulfur colloid lymphoscintigraphy for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in cancers like melanoma. The document discusses the indications, protocols, and interpretations for many common nuclear medicine exams.
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body. It has advanced beyond a tomographic imaging technique to a volume imaging technique. The first MRI experiment was conducted in 1946. Important developments included Raymond Damadian constructing the first MRI scanner in 1977 and Peter Mansfield developing echo planar imaging. MRI works by aligning hydrogen protons in water and fat using magnetism and radio waves, and using magnetic field gradients to spatially encode the signal from tissues to form images. It is useful for diagnosing conditions, injuries and evaluating masses without using ionizing radiation.
Cobalt-60 is produced by neutron activation of cobalt-59 in nuclear reactors. It is used as a gamma ray source in radiation therapy. A cobalt-60 therapy machine consists of a cobalt source head that houses the radioactive cobalt-60 source, a treatment table, and a collimator. The cobalt-60 source has a diameter of 1-3 cm and is enclosed in multiple metal layers for shielding. It is used to treat cancers in areas close to the skin like the head, neck, breast, and extremities. Advantages include treating lymph nodes, but disadvantages are the need for source replacement and lower dose rates compared to linear accelerators.
Radiation safety in diagnostic nuclear medicineSGPGIMS
1. Radiation is a form of energy emitted by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Ionizing radiation can eject electrons from atoms and produce ions, while non-ionizing radiation excites electrons.
2. People are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and man-made sources. Naturally occurring sources include terrestrial radiation, cosmic radiation, and internal radiation. Medical procedures such as CT scans, nuclear medicine exams, and fluoroscopy account for over 90% of man-made radiation exposure.
3. Radiation protection aims to take advantage of the benefits of radiation use while preventing deterministic effects and limiting stochastic effects to acceptable levels. Occupational dose limits are higher than public limits, and some populations like
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Download luận án tiến sĩ ngành kĩ thuật với dề tài: Xác lập cơ sở khoa học ứng dụng công nghệ địa tin học xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu đánh giá chất lượng môi trường nước mặt vùng mỏ Cẩm Phả, Quảng Ninh, cho các bạn tham khảo
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1. The document provides guidelines for radiation safety when administering radioactive iodine-131 to treat thyroid conditions.
2. It outlines requirements for physician and technician training, as well as protocols for patient room preparation, nursing care, and monitoring to minimize radiation exposure to patients and staff.
3. Key responsibilities include calibrating doses, conducting radiation surveys of patients and rooms, ensuring proper personal protective equipment, and posting of warning signs.
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This document outlines the radiation safety guidelines for diagnostic radiology in Egypt. It discusses the purpose of radiation protection and outlines the responsibilities of various groups involved, including radiation safety committees, departments, authorized users, radiation safety officers, and individuals. It provides recommendations on monitoring radiation doses, maintaining records, conducting risk assessments, designing radiation facilities, performing radiation surveys on equipment, and establishing equipment specifications. The guidelines aim to justify medical exposures, keep doses as low as reasonably achievable, and ensure the safe use of radiation sources in diagnostic radiology.
This document discusses radiation protection in nuclear medicine. It defines radiation and its types, as well as the effects of radiation exposure including death, cancer, genetic effects, infertility and skin burns. The goals of radiation protection are to prevent deterministic effects and reduce stochastic effects. Key principles for protecting patients, workers and the public include justification, optimization and dose limitation. Specific guidelines are provided for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as protecting pregnant individuals, families and workers. General facility layout and classification of areas are also reviewed along with guidelines for working in a nuclear medicine department.
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This document discusses intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and inverse planning. It describes the rationale for IMRT, including improving dose distribution to reduce normal tissue complications and improve quality of life. The document outlines the complex IMRT planning process, including structure segmentation, treatment optimization, and inverse planning using optimization algorithms to determine optimal beamlet weights. It also discusses key elements of inverse planning systems, such as dose calculation and optimization objectives and methods.
This document outlines emergency procedures for high dose rate brachytherapy, including improper source retraction, electrical power loss, applicator dislodging, and timer failure. It provides steps to take in each emergency scenario, such as manually retracting the source, notifying contacts, and estimating additional radiation exposure. Emergency equipment that should be available at all times is also listed.
X-ray production can occur via two methods: Bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-rays. Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced when a charged particle like an electron is deflected by an atomic nucleus, losing kinetic energy which is converted to a photon. Characteristic x-rays are emitted when electrons fall from higher to lower orbital shells within an atom. Collimators are used to reduce the size and shape of the x-ray beam, minimizing irradiated tissue volume within a patient and improving image quality by reducing scattered radiation reaching the film. The main interactions between x-rays and matter are coherent scattering, Compton scattering, and photoelectric absorption.
Radiation Protection Course For Orthopedic Specialists Lecture 2 of 4 Radiati...Amin Amin
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This document outlines the important steps for radiation planning at a cancer center. It discusses the process from initial registration and file creation on Day 0 through treatment delivery. Key aspects include history and exam on Day 0, treatment discussion and planning from Days 0-2, cast making and imaging on Day 1, contouring and planning on Days 1-2, and treatment delivery starting on Day 3 or 4 using a linear accelerator. The goal is to reduce recurrence risk while managing side effects through weekly follow-ups and chemotherapy if needed.
SIR-Spheres microspheres are a medical device used in selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) to treat metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. SIRT involves injecting radioactive microspheres into the hepatic artery to lodge in the blood vessels surrounding tumors and deliver radiation directly to the tumors to destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy liver tissue. Potential mild side effects include abdominal pain, nausea, fever and fatigue that typically subside within a few weeks. SIRT is an outpatient procedure that takes about an hour and patients are monitored for several hours after treatment.
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basic and brief but informative knowledge about what is Gamma Camera... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
This document discusses the principles of radiation protection in the workplace. It begins with an introduction to radiation safety and why it is needed. It then defines key terms like hazard, radiation, and radiological units. The document outlines occupational exposure limits and the requirements of radiation protection programs, including justification, optimization and dose limitation. It discusses methods for protecting against external exposure through time, distance and shielding. Protection against internal exposure and contamination is also covered. The document concludes with an overview of monitoring requirements in radiation protection programs.
This document discusses key aspects of safely transporting radioactive material as outlined in international regulations. It covers material classification, package selection based on material type and content limits, and controls during transport including limits on radiation levels, transport indexes, and categorizing packages. The overall safety approach involves containing radioactive contents, controlling external radiation, preventing criticality, and preventing heat damage through a graded package design based on material hazard levels.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Download luận án tiến sĩ ngành kĩ thuật với dề tài: Xác lập cơ sở khoa học ứng dụng công nghệ địa tin học xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu đánh giá chất lượng môi trường nước mặt vùng mỏ Cẩm Phả, Quảng Ninh, cho các bạn tham khảo
Radiation safety during therapeutic administration of radioiodine 131Amin Amin
1. The document provides guidelines for radiation safety when administering radioactive iodine-131 to treat thyroid conditions.
2. It outlines requirements for physician and technician training, as well as protocols for patient room preparation, nursing care, and monitoring to minimize radiation exposure to patients and staff.
3. Key responsibilities include calibrating doses, conducting radiation surveys of patients and rooms, ensuring proper personal protective equipment, and posting of warning signs.
TISSUE PHANTOM RATIO - THE PHOTON BEAM QUALITY INDEXVictor Ekpo
TPR(20,10) is the recommended photon beam quality index by IAEA TRS-398 for megavoltage clinical photons generated by linear accelerators. This presentation goes through the basics of Tissue Phantom Ratio (TPR).
Summary of The Egyptian Radiation Safety Guidlines for Diagnostic RadiologyAmin Amin
This document outlines the radiation safety guidelines for diagnostic radiology in Egypt. It discusses the purpose of radiation protection and outlines the responsibilities of various groups involved, including radiation safety committees, departments, authorized users, radiation safety officers, and individuals. It provides recommendations on monitoring radiation doses, maintaining records, conducting risk assessments, designing radiation facilities, performing radiation surveys on equipment, and establishing equipment specifications. The guidelines aim to justify medical exposures, keep doses as low as reasonably achievable, and ensure the safe use of radiation sources in diagnostic radiology.
This document discusses radiation protection in nuclear medicine. It defines radiation and its types, as well as the effects of radiation exposure including death, cancer, genetic effects, infertility and skin burns. The goals of radiation protection are to prevent deterministic effects and reduce stochastic effects. Key principles for protecting patients, workers and the public include justification, optimization and dose limitation. Specific guidelines are provided for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as protecting pregnant individuals, families and workers. General facility layout and classification of areas are also reviewed along with guidelines for working in a nuclear medicine department.
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In a Radiotherapy Department where cancer patients are being treated with high energy photons,gamma rays,electrons; all the radiation workers should be alert regarding radiation accidents & how to face the situation.
This document discusses intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and inverse planning. It describes the rationale for IMRT, including improving dose distribution to reduce normal tissue complications and improve quality of life. The document outlines the complex IMRT planning process, including structure segmentation, treatment optimization, and inverse planning using optimization algorithms to determine optimal beamlet weights. It also discusses key elements of inverse planning systems, such as dose calculation and optimization objectives and methods.
This document outlines emergency procedures for high dose rate brachytherapy, including improper source retraction, electrical power loss, applicator dislodging, and timer failure. It provides steps to take in each emergency scenario, such as manually retracting the source, notifying contacts, and estimating additional radiation exposure. Emergency equipment that should be available at all times is also listed.
X-ray production can occur via two methods: Bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-rays. Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced when a charged particle like an electron is deflected by an atomic nucleus, losing kinetic energy which is converted to a photon. Characteristic x-rays are emitted when electrons fall from higher to lower orbital shells within an atom. Collimators are used to reduce the size and shape of the x-ray beam, minimizing irradiated tissue volume within a patient and improving image quality by reducing scattered radiation reaching the film. The main interactions between x-rays and matter are coherent scattering, Compton scattering, and photoelectric absorption.
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Radiation can cause both deterministic and stochastic health effects. Deterministic effects have a threshold dose above which the severity increases with higher dose and include radiation sickness, skin burns, hair loss, and sterility. Stochastic effects have a probability of occurrence that increases with dose and include cancer and genetic effects. The lecture discusses the early reports of radiation injuries from x-ray exposure and defines various radiation quantities such as exposure, absorbed dose, dose equivalent, and effective dose used in radiation protection.
This document outlines the important steps for radiation planning at a cancer center. It discusses the process from initial registration and file creation on Day 0 through treatment delivery. Key aspects include history and exam on Day 0, treatment discussion and planning from Days 0-2, cast making and imaging on Day 1, contouring and planning on Days 1-2, and treatment delivery starting on Day 3 or 4 using a linear accelerator. The goal is to reduce recurrence risk while managing side effects through weekly follow-ups and chemotherapy if needed.
SIR-Spheres microspheres are a medical device used in selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) to treat metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. SIRT involves injecting radioactive microspheres into the hepatic artery to lodge in the blood vessels surrounding tumors and deliver radiation directly to the tumors to destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy liver tissue. Potential mild side effects include abdominal pain, nausea, fever and fatigue that typically subside within a few weeks. SIRT is an outpatient procedure that takes about an hour and patients are monitored for several hours after treatment.
Rp004 r.p. principles & regulatory infrastructure3lanka007
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an international organization established in 1928 to provide recommendations on radiation protection. The ICRP recommends three fundamental principles of radiation protection: justification of practices, optimization of protection, and dose limitation for individuals. The ICRP does not have regulatory power but its recommendations strongly influence radiation regulations in most countries. National regulatory bodies are responsible for implementing specific codes and regulations based on ICRP guidance.
basic and brief but informative knowledge about what is Gamma Camera... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
This document discusses the principles of radiation protection in the workplace. It begins with an introduction to radiation safety and why it is needed. It then defines key terms like hazard, radiation, and radiological units. The document outlines occupational exposure limits and the requirements of radiation protection programs, including justification, optimization and dose limitation. It discusses methods for protecting against external exposure through time, distance and shielding. Protection against internal exposure and contamination is also covered. The document concludes with an overview of monitoring requirements in radiation protection programs.
This document discusses key aspects of safely transporting radioactive material as outlined in international regulations. It covers material classification, package selection based on material type and content limits, and controls during transport including limits on radiation levels, transport indexes, and categorizing packages. The overall safety approach involves containing radioactive contents, controlling external radiation, preventing criticality, and preventing heat damage through a graded package design based on material hazard levels.
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CTO ET OPTIMISATION DE LA RADIOPROTECTION GILLES WILHELM CONGRES AFPPE.pptx
1. CTO ET OPTIMISATION DE LA
RADIOPROTECTION
29ème Journée régionale de formation
AFPPE Alsace
Samedi 19 novembre 2022
Centre de Formation des Professions Paramédicales des
Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar
2. JE DÉCLARE NE PAS ÊTRE EN SITUATION DE LIEN
D’INTÉRÊT PARTICULIER
Orateur : Gilles Wilhelm. MERM. Radiologie cardio-vasculaire
Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Colmar
3. PLAN DE LA PRÉSENTATION
Introduction
CTO
CTO de quoi parle-t-on ?
CTO: images angiographiques
CTO et ischémie
Bénéfice attendu d’une revascularisation
Angioplastie d’une CTO: pas si simple
Les résultats en images
CTO le revers de la médaille
Radioprotection
Ce qu’il faut éviter: une radiodermite
Optimisation de la procédure
Optimisation de la radioprotection
Pas d’optimisation sans évaluation
Les futures évolutions
Conclusion
4. OBJECTIFS PÉDAGOGIQUES
A l’issue de la présentation, l’auditeur sera capable de:
Restituer les grandes lignes de la prise en charge endoluminale d’une CTO
notamment répondre aux questions: Pourquoi ? Pour qui ? Comment ?
Mettre en œuvre des mesures d’optimisation de la radioprotection
5. INTRODUCTION
HÔPITAL ALBERT SCHWEITZER DE COLMAR
Département cardio-vasculaire
2 salles de cathétérisme interventionnel
Les médecins
• 4 cardiologues angioplasticiens
• 4 cardiologues rythmologues
• 4 chirurgiens vasculaires
Les paramédicaux
• 4 MERM, 4 IDE
2016 : lancement d’un programme de prise en charge endoluminale des CTO
6. CTO: DE QUOI PARLE-T-ON ?
CTO (chronic total occlusion) = Occlusion coronaire chronique :
Une obstruction complète d’une artère coronaire dont l’ancienneté est supérieure à 3 mois.
Pas de signe, pas de symptôme spécifique => imprévisible
Représentent 15% à 20% des lésions
Définition:
Occlusion CD
CD
7. CTO: DE QUOI PARLE T’ON ?
CTO => Occlusion progressive
• Conditionne le myocarde à supporter un certain niveau d’ischémie
• Circulation collatérale (la reprise) évite ou limite l’ischémie
Coronaropathie stable
11. CTO ET ISCHÉMIE
• Viabilité
• Ischémie > 10%
Dans le territoire concerné
• Patient symptomatique:
=> Angor d’effort sous traitement médical
=> Dyspnée
• Patient asymptomatique:
=> Ischémie silencieuse
ou
A condition que l’ischémie soit significative
Cette reprise n’est pas toujours optimale Ischémie Indication d’une revascularisation
12. BÉNÉFICE ATTENDU D’UNE REVASCULARISATION
Amélioration la qualité de vie ++
Diminution des symptômes ++
Amélioration de la fonction ventriculaire gauche
Revascularisation complète => meilleure tolérance à une occlusion controlatérale
Diminution du recours à la chirurgie
Diminution de la mortalité
13. L’ANGIOPLASTIE D’UNE CTO : PAS SI SIMPLE
Nécessite la maitrise de nombreux outils
CTO
VS
Angioplastie standard
14. L’ANGIOPLASTIE D’UNE CTO: PAS SI SIMPLE
Nécessite la maitrise de techniques complexes
1. Antérograde 2. Dissection ré-entrée 3. Rétrograde
15. LES RÉSULTATS EN IMAGES
Recanalisation CTO Coronaire droite
Avant Après
16. LES RÉSULTATS EN IMAGES
Recanalisation CTO Circonflexe
Avant Après
17. CTO: LE REVERS DE LA MÉDAILLE
Techniques complexes, chronophages et irradiantes
Durée médiane d’une procédure : 87 min
Source : Hôpital Albert Schweitzer / 153 CTO / 2016 à 2019
4
Nombre
de
patients
Temps de procédure (min)
Nombre de patients en fonction du temps de procédure
18. CE QU’IL FAUT ÉVITER:
UNE RADIODERMITE
Les seuils, les effets, les délais
d’apparition d’une complication
radique au niveau de la peau sont
bien connus
Les effets déterministes
L’indicateur dosimétrique de référence:
Air Kerma
seuil d’alerte = 5000 mGy
19. CE QU’IL FAUT ÉVITER:
UNE RADIODERMITE
Tout doit être mis en œuvre
pour ne pas en arriver là
Dose délivrée > 15 Gy !
20. Une stratégie adaptée est une optimisation indirecte de la radioprotection
OPTIMISATION: DE LA PROCÉDURE
ANALYSE MINUTIEUSE
DE LA CORONAROGRAPHIE
STRATEGIE
Débit de dose
mGy/mm
Avis ou intervention
d’un expert
STAFF
Estimation du temps
de procédure avant
dépassement de seuil
Complexité ++
INCIDENCES
DE TRAVAIL
Fonction :
- de l’IMC
- de l’incidences
ALGORITHME
DECISIONNEL
J CTO SCORE
Niveau de complexité
+
+
Etablir un plan de bataille
21. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Déjà standardisé au quotidien: Traçage et suivi
Consentement éclairé du patient : bénéfices/risques
Suivi de la dose en cours de procédure: arrêt si nécessaire
Balance bénéfices/risques
Suivi des doses itératives pour chaque patient : Réévaluation de l’indication
Dosimétrie tracée dans le logiciel informatique et le compte rendu (tps scopie, AK, PDS)
22. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Déjà standardisé au quotidien: Traçage et suivi
Protocole de suivi pour les patients surexposés
Si un effet apparait => déclaration à l’ASN
23. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Principe ALARA: « Aussi bas que raisonnablement possible »
Collimater
=> Réduction PDS. Qualité image +
Utiliser les filtres d’homogénéisation
=> Réduction de dose jusqu’à 15%
Réduire la cadence images (7,5 i/s)
Préférer mode scopie faible
Eviter les zooms
=> Diminuer le champs de vision d’un facteur 2 augmente la dose d’un facteur 4
En pratique
24. Mémoriser la boucle de scopie
pour éviter une graphie
OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Eviter les obliques extrêmes et bannir le profil
en angioplastie
=>Débit dose graphie = 10 à 60 X débit dose scopie
=> Le débit dose double tous les 5 cm d'épaisseur supplémentaire
En pratique
25. => dose et diffusé
OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Augmenter la distance
entre le tube Rx et le patient
=> dose à la peau
Diminuer la distance entre
le capteur et le patient
En pratique
26. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
En pratique
Varier les incidences de travail:
Répartir la dose reçue sur différents
points d’entrées
Ex: Air kerma = 5 Gy => situation à risque
3 incidences => pas d’effet attendu
1.4 Gy
1.9 Gy 1.7 Gy
Attention aux zones de chevauchement
27. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
En pratique
Analyse incontournable du rapport de dose
1.4 Gy
1.9 Gy 1.7 Gy
28. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Variation des incidences en CTO…
… ce n’est pas si simple
Souvent une seule incidence pour dégager:
L’avancée du guide dans le micro-chenal
Le cap proximal ou distal de la lésion
Comment répondre à cette contrainte ?
29. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Ajout d’une filtration à la sortie du tube afin d’éliminer
le rayonnement « mou » non contributif à l’image
mais irradiant pour la peau
Une filtration adaptée permet une réduction
de dose d’environ 30% sans dégradation notable
de l’image
Modification de la qualité du faisceau Rx
30. OPTIMISATION: DE LA RADIOPROTECTION
Paravent Pb Supplémentaire
Retrait dès que possible
Champs Pb sur abdomen et jambes
Pour le personnel: Renforcement des mesures standards
Casque visière Pb
31. PAS D’OPTIMISATION SANS ÉVALUATION
Evolution de la durée d’intervention
Diminution du temps de procédure après
une période de rodage et d’entrainement
de l’équipe aux nouvelles techniques.
Source : Hôpital Albert Schweitzer / 254 CTO / 2016 au 6/2022
L’évolution du temps de procédure (CTO) depuis 2016
32. PAS D’OPTIMISATION SANS ÉVALUATION
Evolution de l’Air Kerma en fonction du temps
Diminution régulière la valeur de l’Air Kerma
Efficacité des mesures d’optimisation
Source : Hôpital Albert Schweitzer / 254 CTO / 2016 au 6/2022
L’évolution de la dose (Kair) délivrée aux patients (CTO) depuis 2016
33. Durée médiane d’une procédure : 75 min Air Kerma médian : 1330 mGy
2016/2022 2016/2022
Source : Hôpital Albert Schweitzer / 255 CTO / 2016 à 2022
6000
Air Kerma (mGy)
Seuil d’alerte franchi pour 2 patients
PAS D’OPTIMISATION SANS ÉVALUATION
36. Point de référence
Dose surestimée Dose sous-estimée
Dose (Gy) au niveau d’un point de référence situé au centre du faisceau à 15 cm de l’isocentre.
L’exactitude de la mesure dépend de la proximité du p. de ref. avec la peau.
=> Variable selon l’incidence, la hauteur de table
=> Ne tient pas compte du rétrodiffusé
L’Air Kerma est-il un indicateur fiable ?
RADIOPROTECTION: LES FUTURES ÉVOLUTIONS
37. L’Air Kerma est une approximation de la dose à la peau
RADIOPROTECTION: LES FUTURES ÉVOLUTIONS
Comment mieux évaluer le risque déterministe ?
38. Nouvel indicateur:
PSD ( Peak Skin Dose)
Dose (Gy) maximale absorbée sur la surface de la peau du patient
D G
Pied
Tête
Cartographie dosimétrique
Utilisation d’outils numériques innovants
Implémenté dans le DACS (système d’archivage et communication dosimétrique)
intégration des données géométriques et dosimétriques
Obtention d’une cartographie de la répartition de la dose sur la peau
=> Equivalent virtuel du film radiochromique
Logiciel spécifique
RADIOPROTECTION: LES FUTURES ÉVOLUTIONS
Plus fiable que le Kair pour évaluer le risque à la peau
39. CONCLUSION
Demain
Avec la généralisation des DACS et l’arrivée des logiciels de cartographie de la dose
Meilleure évaluation du risque déterministe (PSD)
Meilleure gestion des doses itératives et des alertes
Analyses statistiques facilitées (NRD…)
L’arrivée de la robotisation sera sans nul doute une révolution… Une affaire à suivre !
La balance bénéfice/risque est en faveur d’une prise en charge endoluminale des CTO. Cette activité
complexe et irradiante avec un risque avéré de radiodermite nous impose rigueur et sérieux.
Instaurer une culture de radioprotection
Optimiser la procédure pour limiter l’irradiation au stricte nécessaire
41. Balter S, Hopewell JW, Miller DL, et al. Fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures: a review of
radiation effects on patients’ skin and hair. Radiology. 2010;254:326.
https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/documents/rpop/poster-patient-radiation-protection-fr.pdf
Carpentier S. Pic Skin Dose (PSD) Réel indicateur dosimétrique pour la CTO, ML CTO 2021
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Fefer P, Knudtson ML, Cheema AN et al. « Current perspectives on coronary chronic total
occlusions: the Canadian multicenter CTO Register » J Am Coll Cardiol 2012,59:991-997
Werner et al. Heart 2004;90: 1303-1309 doi: 10.1136/hrt.2003.024620
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