1) International debt, especially third world debt, is one of the most contentious issues facing the global economy as it highlights disparities between developed and developing nations.
2) As of 2002, total international debt amounted to $2.48 trillion, around 57% of debtors' collective GDP.
3) Third world debt presents challenges to both debtor and creditor nations, and finding solutions that adequately address the needs of both sides has proven difficult.
L'inflation est l'un des gros enjeux de la création monétaire et de la croissance. Nous abordons dans ce powerpoint les explications de l'inflation et les possibles axes de résolution.
1. The document discusses key aspects of India's balance of payments (BOP) including current account, capital account, and overall BOP.
2. It provides data on India's BOP for July-September 2017 and April-September 2017-18 which shows a widening of the trade deficit and current account deficit over the same periods last year.
3. Factors like a moderate increase in FDI inflows and higher net services earnings helped partly offset the higher trade deficit.
This document discusses factors affecting economic growth and development and the vicious circle of poverty. It defines economic growth as an increase in real GDP per capita over time, while economic development brings both quantitative and qualitative changes through initiatives like infrastructure, health, education, etc. Key factors influencing growth are discussed as capital formation, natural resources, trade, and economic systems. Non-economic factors include human capital, technology, political freedom, social organization, and corruption. The vicious circle of poverty is then examined in terms of how low capital, labor, and technology can perpetuate poverty through mechanisms like low savings, child labor, and lack of infrastructure and innovation.
1) International debt, especially third world debt, is one of the most contentious issues facing the global economy as it highlights disparities between developed and developing nations.
2) As of 2002, total international debt amounted to $2.48 trillion, around 57% of debtors' collective GDP.
3) Third world debt presents challenges to both debtor and creditor nations, and finding solutions that adequately address the needs of both sides has proven difficult.
L'inflation est l'un des gros enjeux de la création monétaire et de la croissance. Nous abordons dans ce powerpoint les explications de l'inflation et les possibles axes de résolution.
1. The document discusses key aspects of India's balance of payments (BOP) including current account, capital account, and overall BOP.
2. It provides data on India's BOP for July-September 2017 and April-September 2017-18 which shows a widening of the trade deficit and current account deficit over the same periods last year.
3. Factors like a moderate increase in FDI inflows and higher net services earnings helped partly offset the higher trade deficit.
This document discusses factors affecting economic growth and development and the vicious circle of poverty. It defines economic growth as an increase in real GDP per capita over time, while economic development brings both quantitative and qualitative changes through initiatives like infrastructure, health, education, etc. Key factors influencing growth are discussed as capital formation, natural resources, trade, and economic systems. Non-economic factors include human capital, technology, political freedom, social organization, and corruption. The vicious circle of poverty is then examined in terms of how low capital, labor, and technology can perpetuate poverty through mechanisms like low savings, child labor, and lack of infrastructure and innovation.
International trade is defined as the exchange of goods and services between parties located in different countries. It has several distinguishing features compared to domestic trade within a country, such as the immobility of production factors across borders, geographical and climatic differences between countries, and differing currency and political systems among trading nations. Managing the balance of payments, or the difference between a country's total imports and exports, is also a unique issue for international trade that does not apply to domestic trade within one country.
Economic growth refers to an increase in a country's real GDP or output, measured as a higher value of goods and services produced, while economic development encompasses broader socioeconomic changes that improve living standards. Development considers changes in factors like income distribution, employment opportunities, education, health, and sustainability, whereas growth only focuses on quantitative increases in production. The Human Development Index provides a more comprehensive measure of a country's progress than GDP alone by also accounting for literacy, life expectancy, and other quality of life indicators.
This document discusses the concepts of balance of trade, types of trade, and factors that affect balance of trade. It begins by defining balance and trade. There are two types of trade: domestic trade involving wholesale and retail, and international trade involving exports, imports, and entreport trade. Balance of trade is the difference between a country's exports and imports over a period of time. A positive balance of trade means exports are greater than imports, while a negative balance means imports are greater. Factors like production costs, exchange rates, trade restrictions, and demand can impact a country's balance of trade. The conclusion is that a country with high domestic demand will generally have an unfavorable balance of trade.
The Balance of Payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a given period of time. It is a double-entry accounting statement that records a nation's exports and imports of goods and services, as well as financial capital inflows and outflows. Maintaining a balanced Balance of Payments is important for a stable economy, so nations aim to reduce deficits through policies targeting exports, imports, currency values, and international capital flows.
This document provides an overview of public finance in Pakistan. It discusses key topics such as the public finance cycle, formulation of fiscal policy, generation of revenue through taxes and other sources, expenditure through the national budget, public borrowings, and accountability. The document outlines the major components of the public finance system and how money flows into and out of the government.
This document defines and compares different types of terms of trade, including commodity terms of trade, gross barter terms of trade, income terms of trade, single factoral terms of trade, and double factoral terms of trade. It provides formulas for calculating each type and examples to demonstrate how they are used. It also discusses the limitations and criticisms of each approach.
India's balance of payments witnessed improvements in 2009-10 as the global economic recovery was visible. Exports and imports both increased during the third quarter, with the trade deficit lower than the previous year. The current account deficit was marginally higher for April-December 2009 compared to the same period in 2008, due to a fall in invisibles surplus despite a lower trade deficit. Capital flows remained strong, led by FDI, portfolio investments, and trade credits. Foreign exchange reserves increased by $27.1 billion for the year, reaching $279.1 billion in March 2010. The turnaround in exports and continued capital inflows inflows buoyed India's external sector.
This document discusses Article XXIV of GATT, which provides an exception for customs unions and free trade areas. It defines these terms and outlines requirements for eligibility under Article XXIV. Specifically:
1) It defines a free trade area as eliminating trade barriers on substantially all trade between members, while each maintains independent external tariffs. A customs union additionally applies a common external tariff.
2) For eligibility, free trade areas must eliminate barriers on substantially all trade between members. Customs unions must not impose higher external tariffs than members' prior average and eliminate internal trade barriers.
3) Interpretational issues include defining "substantially all trade" and determining whether new external tariffs respect pre-
International development aid aims to alleviate poverty but faces challenges. Foreign aid can get tied up paying off debts rather than helping communities. It also risks being misused if given to corrupt governments. Different types of aid include bilateral aid from one nation to another; multilateral aid from many nations through groups like the UN; and NGO aid from groups like Oxfam. Canada provides aid through CIDA to focus on sustainability and meaningful results.
This document summarizes Pakistan's balance of trade. It discusses the history and types of trade in Pakistan. It outlines key exports such as rice, cotton, and fruits and key imports such as petroleum and consumer goods. It also analyzes Pakistan's main trading partners and shows that Pakistan has experienced a trade deficit for many years. The balance of trade deficit for 2013-2014 was 1.18 trillion Pakistani rupees.
The document discusses FDI in India, specifically in retail. It provides background on FDI and explains that the cabinet approved 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% FDI in single-brand retail. While farmers may benefit, small traders argue they cannot withstand competition. The document also discusses debates around the potential positives, like improved supply chains, and negatives, like displacement of small shops. It provides an example of single-brand retail rules for Ikea and conditions around local sourcing norms.
Globalization has led to increasing interdependence between countries through growing flows of trade, finance, information and culture. It has consolidated through declining transportation and communication costs, neoliberal policies, financial deregulation, and the activities of multinational firms and international organizations. This has created global supply chains and specialization in high-tech, services, manufacturing and raw materials. However, many criticize that globalization has reduced sovereignty and prioritized financial interests over social welfare by escaping controls of states and societies.
Introduction to international finance and International economyAparrajithaAriyadasa
International economics is a field of study that assesses the implications of international trade, international investment, and international borrowing and lending.
There are two broad sub-fields within the discipline: international trade and international finance
Europe after World War Two - the establishment of the EECNoel Hogan
After two devastating World Wars, several European leaders decided that countries needed to replace conflict with cooperation. This led to the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, which showed that free trade between countries could work. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC), creating a common market, freedom of movement, and agricultural policies. Over time, the EEC grew into today's European Union of 28 member states.
This document discusses different types of trade barriers that countries use:
- Tariffs are taxes on imported goods which generate revenue for the government imposing them.
- Quotas limit the quantity of a good that can be imported, creating artificial scarcity and raising prices for domestic producers.
- Embargoes completely stop trade of certain goods, usually for political reasons, in order to apply economic pressure.
This document provides notes on international trade concepts. It begins with reasons why nations trade, such as lower prices, greater choice, and differences in resources. It then discusses absolute and comparative advantage using an example of an industrialized country trading with a developing country. Key terms like imports, exports, tariffs, and protectionism are defined. Arguments for and against protectionism are outlined. The document concludes with an overview of the history and functions of the World Trade Organization.
The document discusses the spot market for foreign exchange. It provides the following key points:
- The spot market facilitates immediate delivery of currencies, primarily between large banks, with approximately $1.4-1.6 trillion traded daily globally.
- Market quotes include spot and forward rates from publications like the WSJ currency table, using direct and indirect quotes.
- Currencies are considered to appreciate if they gain value against another currency and depreciate if they lose value. Real exchange rates account for relative price changes between countries.
- Bid-ask spreads and cross-rates help determine the costs of transactions and consistency between currency values. Arbitrage ensures cross-rates remain consistent.
International trade is defined as the exchange of goods and services between parties located in different countries. It has several distinguishing features compared to domestic trade within a country, such as the immobility of production factors across borders, geographical and climatic differences between countries, and differing currency and political systems among trading nations. Managing the balance of payments, or the difference between a country's total imports and exports, is also a unique issue for international trade that does not apply to domestic trade within one country.
Economic growth refers to an increase in a country's real GDP or output, measured as a higher value of goods and services produced, while economic development encompasses broader socioeconomic changes that improve living standards. Development considers changes in factors like income distribution, employment opportunities, education, health, and sustainability, whereas growth only focuses on quantitative increases in production. The Human Development Index provides a more comprehensive measure of a country's progress than GDP alone by also accounting for literacy, life expectancy, and other quality of life indicators.
This document discusses the concepts of balance of trade, types of trade, and factors that affect balance of trade. It begins by defining balance and trade. There are two types of trade: domestic trade involving wholesale and retail, and international trade involving exports, imports, and entreport trade. Balance of trade is the difference between a country's exports and imports over a period of time. A positive balance of trade means exports are greater than imports, while a negative balance means imports are greater. Factors like production costs, exchange rates, trade restrictions, and demand can impact a country's balance of trade. The conclusion is that a country with high domestic demand will generally have an unfavorable balance of trade.
The Balance of Payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a given period of time. It is a double-entry accounting statement that records a nation's exports and imports of goods and services, as well as financial capital inflows and outflows. Maintaining a balanced Balance of Payments is important for a stable economy, so nations aim to reduce deficits through policies targeting exports, imports, currency values, and international capital flows.
This document provides an overview of public finance in Pakistan. It discusses key topics such as the public finance cycle, formulation of fiscal policy, generation of revenue through taxes and other sources, expenditure through the national budget, public borrowings, and accountability. The document outlines the major components of the public finance system and how money flows into and out of the government.
This document defines and compares different types of terms of trade, including commodity terms of trade, gross barter terms of trade, income terms of trade, single factoral terms of trade, and double factoral terms of trade. It provides formulas for calculating each type and examples to demonstrate how they are used. It also discusses the limitations and criticisms of each approach.
India's balance of payments witnessed improvements in 2009-10 as the global economic recovery was visible. Exports and imports both increased during the third quarter, with the trade deficit lower than the previous year. The current account deficit was marginally higher for April-December 2009 compared to the same period in 2008, due to a fall in invisibles surplus despite a lower trade deficit. Capital flows remained strong, led by FDI, portfolio investments, and trade credits. Foreign exchange reserves increased by $27.1 billion for the year, reaching $279.1 billion in March 2010. The turnaround in exports and continued capital inflows inflows buoyed India's external sector.
This document discusses Article XXIV of GATT, which provides an exception for customs unions and free trade areas. It defines these terms and outlines requirements for eligibility under Article XXIV. Specifically:
1) It defines a free trade area as eliminating trade barriers on substantially all trade between members, while each maintains independent external tariffs. A customs union additionally applies a common external tariff.
2) For eligibility, free trade areas must eliminate barriers on substantially all trade between members. Customs unions must not impose higher external tariffs than members' prior average and eliminate internal trade barriers.
3) Interpretational issues include defining "substantially all trade" and determining whether new external tariffs respect pre-
International development aid aims to alleviate poverty but faces challenges. Foreign aid can get tied up paying off debts rather than helping communities. It also risks being misused if given to corrupt governments. Different types of aid include bilateral aid from one nation to another; multilateral aid from many nations through groups like the UN; and NGO aid from groups like Oxfam. Canada provides aid through CIDA to focus on sustainability and meaningful results.
This document summarizes Pakistan's balance of trade. It discusses the history and types of trade in Pakistan. It outlines key exports such as rice, cotton, and fruits and key imports such as petroleum and consumer goods. It also analyzes Pakistan's main trading partners and shows that Pakistan has experienced a trade deficit for many years. The balance of trade deficit for 2013-2014 was 1.18 trillion Pakistani rupees.
The document discusses FDI in India, specifically in retail. It provides background on FDI and explains that the cabinet approved 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% FDI in single-brand retail. While farmers may benefit, small traders argue they cannot withstand competition. The document also discusses debates around the potential positives, like improved supply chains, and negatives, like displacement of small shops. It provides an example of single-brand retail rules for Ikea and conditions around local sourcing norms.
Globalization has led to increasing interdependence between countries through growing flows of trade, finance, information and culture. It has consolidated through declining transportation and communication costs, neoliberal policies, financial deregulation, and the activities of multinational firms and international organizations. This has created global supply chains and specialization in high-tech, services, manufacturing and raw materials. However, many criticize that globalization has reduced sovereignty and prioritized financial interests over social welfare by escaping controls of states and societies.
Introduction to international finance and International economyAparrajithaAriyadasa
International economics is a field of study that assesses the implications of international trade, international investment, and international borrowing and lending.
There are two broad sub-fields within the discipline: international trade and international finance
Europe after World War Two - the establishment of the EECNoel Hogan
After two devastating World Wars, several European leaders decided that countries needed to replace conflict with cooperation. This led to the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, which showed that free trade between countries could work. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC), creating a common market, freedom of movement, and agricultural policies. Over time, the EEC grew into today's European Union of 28 member states.
This document discusses different types of trade barriers that countries use:
- Tariffs are taxes on imported goods which generate revenue for the government imposing them.
- Quotas limit the quantity of a good that can be imported, creating artificial scarcity and raising prices for domestic producers.
- Embargoes completely stop trade of certain goods, usually for political reasons, in order to apply economic pressure.
This document provides notes on international trade concepts. It begins with reasons why nations trade, such as lower prices, greater choice, and differences in resources. It then discusses absolute and comparative advantage using an example of an industrialized country trading with a developing country. Key terms like imports, exports, tariffs, and protectionism are defined. Arguments for and against protectionism are outlined. The document concludes with an overview of the history and functions of the World Trade Organization.
The document discusses the spot market for foreign exchange. It provides the following key points:
- The spot market facilitates immediate delivery of currencies, primarily between large banks, with approximately $1.4-1.6 trillion traded daily globally.
- Market quotes include spot and forward rates from publications like the WSJ currency table, using direct and indirect quotes.
- Currencies are considered to appreciate if they gain value against another currency and depreciate if they lose value. Real exchange rates account for relative price changes between countries.
- Bid-ask spreads and cross-rates help determine the costs of transactions and consistency between currency values. Arbitrage ensures cross-rates remain consistent.
COMMENT LIBÉRER LE BRÉSIL DU RETARD ÉCONOMIQUE RÉSULTANT DE SA DÉPENDANCE SEC...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à présenter comment le Brésil peut se libérer du retard économique résultant de sa dépendance séculaire de la période coloniale à l'époque contemporaine. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, la trajectoire du Brésil en tant que pays dépendant des empires portugais, britannique et nord-américain et de l'impérialisme exercé par le capitalisme mondialisé à travers l'histoire a été analysée et les véritables causes de sa dépendance politique, économique et technologique ont été identifiées.
Le terme de mondialisation correspond à la libre circulation des marchandises, des capitaux, des services, des personnes, des techniques et de l'information. Il désigne le processus d'intégration des marchés et de rapprochement des hommes qui résulte notamment de la libéralisation des échanges, du développement des moyens de transport de personnes et de marchandises, et des retombées des technologies de l'information et de la communication à l'échelle planétaire1. Elle se manifeste, outre l'interdépendance croissante des économies (mondialisation économique) et l'intensification de la concurrence, par l'expansion des échanges et des interactions humaines
Cet article vise à montrer comment la mondialisation néolibérale a émergé, les conséquences de la mondialisation néolibérale, les obstacles à la mondialisation néolibérale, l’avancée du fascisme face à la crise de la mondialisation néolibérale et les solutions à la crise de la mondialisation néolibérale.
LES RÉVOLUTIONS SOCIALES, LEURS FACTEURS DÉCLENCHEURS ET LE BRÉSIL ACTUELFernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à analyser les facteurs déclencheurs des révolutions sociales qui se sont produites tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité et à évaluer la possibilité de leur occurrence dans le Brésil contemporain.
Conseils pour Les Jeunes | Conseils de La Vie| Conseil de La JeunesseOscar Smith
Besoin des conseils pour les Jeunes ? Le document suivant est plein des conseils de la Vie ! C’est vraiment un document conseil de la jeunesse que tout jeune devrait consulter.
Voir version video:
➡https://youtu.be/7ED4uTW0x1I
Sur la chaine:👇
👉https://youtube.com/@kbgestiondeprojets
Aimeriez-vous donc…
-réussir quand on est jeune ?
-avoir de meilleurs conseils pour réussir jeune ?
- qu’on vous offre des conseils de la vie ?
Ce document est une ressource qui met en évidence deux obstacles qui empêchent les jeunes de mener une vie épanouie : l'inaction et le pessimisme.
1) Découvrez comment l'inaction, c'est-à-dire le fait de ne pas agir ou d'agir alors qu'on le devrait ou qu'on est censé le faire, est un obstacle à une vie épanouie ;
> Comment l'inaction affecte-t-elle l'avenir du jeune ? Que devraient plutôt faire les jeunes pour se racheter et récupérer ce qui leur appartient ? A découvrir dans le document ;
2) Le pessimisme, c'est douter de tout ! Les jeunes doutent que la génération plus âgée ne soit jamais orientée vers la bonne volonté. Les jeunes se sentent toujours mal à l'aise face à la ruse et la volonté politique de la génération plus âgée ! Cet état de doute extrême empêche les jeunes de découvrir les opportunités offertes par les politiques et les dispositifs en faveur de la jeunesse. Voulez-vous en savoir plus sur ces opportunités que la plupart des jeunes ne découvrent pas à cause de leur pessimisme ? Consultez cette ressource gratuite et profitez-en !
En rapport avec les " conseils pour les jeunes, " cette ressource peut aussi aider les internautes cherchant :
➡les conseils pratiques pour les jeunes
➡conseils pour réussir
➡jeune investisseur conseil
➡comment investir son argent quand on est jeune
➡conseils d'écriture jeunes auteurs
➡conseils pour les jeunes auteurs
➡comment aller vers les jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes citoyens
➡les conseils municipaux des jeunes
➡conseils municipaux des jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes en mairie
➡qui sont les jeunes
➡projet pour les jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes paris
➡infos pour les jeunes
➡conseils pour les jeunes
➡Quels sont les bienfaits de la jeunesse ?
➡Quels sont les 3 qualités de la jeunesse ?
➡Comment gérer les problèmes des adolescents ?
➡les conseils de jeunes
➡guide de conseils de jeunes
Cycle de Formation Théâtrale 2024 / 2025Billy DEYLORD
Pour la Saison 2024 / 2025, l'association « Le Bateau Ivre » propose un Cycle de formation théâtrale pour particuliers amateurs et professionnels des arts de la scène enfants, adolescents et adultes à l'Espace Saint-Jean de Melun (77). 108 heures de formation, d’octobre 2024 à juin 2025, à travers trois cours hebdomadaires (« Pierrot ou la science de la Scène », « Montage de spectacles », « Le Mime et son Répertoire ») et un stage annuel « Tournez dans un film de cinéma muet ».
Newsletter SPW Agriculture en province du Luxembourg du 12-06-24BenotGeorges3
Les informations et évènements agricoles en province du Luxembourg et en Wallonie susceptibles de vous intéresser et diffusés par le SPW Agriculture, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Service extérieur de Libramont.
Le fichier :
Les newsletters : https://agriculture.wallonie.be/home/recherche-developpement/acteurs-du-developpement-et-de-la-vulgarisation/les-services-exterieurs-de-la-direction-de-la-recherche-et-du-developpement/newsletters-des-services-exterieurs-de-la-vulgarisation/newsletters-du-se-de-libramont.html
Bonne lecture et bienvenue aux activités proposées.
#Agriculture #Wallonie #Newsletter #Recherche #Développement #Vulgarisation #Evènement #Information #Formation #Innovation #Législation #PAC #SPW #ServicepublicdeWallonie
Formation M2i - Onboarding réussi - les clés pour intégrer efficacement vos n...M2i Formation
Améliorez l'intégration de vos nouveaux collaborateurs grâce à notre formation flash sur l'onboarding. Découvrez des stratégies éprouvées et des outils pratiques pour transformer l'intégration en une expérience fluide et efficace, et faire de chaque nouvelle recrue un atout pour vos équipes.
Les points abordés lors de la formation :
- Les fondamentaux d'un onboarding réussi
- Les outils et stratégies pour un onboarding efficace
- L'engagement et la culture d'entreprise
- L'onboarding continu et l'amélioration continue
Formation offerte animée à distance avec notre expert Eric Collin
Formation M2i - Onboarding réussi - les clés pour intégrer efficacement vos n...
Les trentes glorieuses
1. Les trente Glorieuses
Introduction
Ici, il s’agit de rappeler dans la première partie de l’introduction quelle définition on peut proposer
pour présenter cette période (= période de forte croissance économique et période de
transformation de la société sous l’effet de cette croissance. On peut ainsi préciser au correcteur que
la séparation entre le champ de l’économie et celui de la société n’est pas le meilleur angle pour
aborder cette période). Terminer en situant les bornes chronologiques (1945… 1950 jusqu’aux
années 70).
La problématique : comment définir les Trente glorieuses ? Comment évolue la société durant cette
période ? etc.
I. Les trente glorieuses : un regard français sur une période de 30 ans de transformations majeures
1. la fin d’un monde paysan
Préciser ce que signifie cette idée de « fin » des paysans : moins d’exploitations agricoles,
une économie qui se tertiarise et s’industrialise.
2. Une société ouverte à la modernité
Une France qui change de visage grâce à une politique volontariste de l’Etat
France qui s’urbanise
3. Une société « mieux équipée »
Présenter la société de consommation : équipement des français en biens de conso courants
(téléphone, voiture… avec le superbe exemple de la 2 CV ! produits « blancs », produits
« noirs », etc.)
II. les conditions de ces transformations
1. Une période de croissance économique
Rappeler quelques chiffres (Tx de croissance moyen annuel / Progression du pouvoir d’achat
des ménages)
2. Des méthodes de production rationalisées et productivistes
Fordisme /Taylorisme
3. Une population qui accède à la consommation parce qu’elle est plus riche mais aussi parce
qu’elle change dans sa structure
Génération du Baby-boom : Pop plus nombreuse donc une consommation plus soutenue,
affirmation d’une jeunesse « avide » elle-même de consommation.
Féminisation de la société : plus d’indépendance donc plus de liberté dans ses choix de
consommation.
2. III. Les limites/ questions autour de cette période
1. Le point de départ des Trente glorieuses : conséquence de la seconde guerre mondiale ou
l’émergence de conditions nouvelles
Rappeler que nombre d’éléments évoqués plus haut étaient déjà en place avant la période
des trente glorieuses : taylorisme, fordisme, fin des paysans, urbanisation, etc. Donc regard
sur la période plus complexe : rupture ou poursuite de changements déjà engagés
Rappeler le caractère controversé de la guerre : période sombre, beaucoup de destruction,
mais aussi mise en place d’éléments qui reviennent en force sous les Trente glorieuses
(politique interventionniste de l’Etat)
2. La fin des Trente Glorieuses : questions autour des années 70
Sans entrer dans le détail (sinon HS), préciser que les années 70 voient un ralentissement de
la croissance mais cette dernière se maintient toujours (autour de 2% annuel)
Rappeler que les transformations de la société en cours pdt les trente Glorieuses continuent
après. Donc la fin des trente Glorieuses est peut-être la fin de qqchose mais pas la fin de tout
ce qui a été engagé pendant cette période (émancipation des femmes, équipement et
consommation des ménages, urbanisation, etc.)
3. Une période parfaitement « heureuse » ?
Période strictement franco-française : les pays pauvres ne la connaissent pas et même parmi
les autres pays développés certaines évolutions étaient déjà acquises avant 1945 (par
exemple l’urbanisation et la fin d’un monde paysan en Angleterre).
On peut terminer en précisant que cette appellation n’est pas neutre ou objective, elle est
conditionnée par un regard (celui de Fourastié) qui voit ce qu’il veut bien voir, et maintient à
l’écart un certain nombre d’éléments plus négatifs (début d’un chômage structurel, une
société qui s’enrichit mais qui reste profondément inégalitaire, etc.)