Poller or blocking screws are used to stabilize fractures treated with small diameter intramedullary nails. They guide the nail like "poller" traffic devices guide vehicles. Blocking screws increase stability of distal and proximal metaphyseal fractures after nailing and can help manage malunited fractures. They work by narrowing the canal to guide the nail anteriorly and prevent sagittal plane deformity. Blocking screws are typically placed medially and laterally as close to the fracture as possible for optimal stabilization. Their placement on the concave side of deformities helps improve reduction by deflecting the nail.
This document provides an overview of evaluating the elbow and forearm from several perspectives. It begins with elbow anatomy and then discusses common elbow conditions, history taking, complaints, physical examination including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, strength testing and special tests. It also briefly outlines diagnostic imaging options and concludes with thanking the reader. The evaluation involves a thorough history, physical exam assessing various symptoms and functions, consideration of differential diagnoses, and may include imaging studies to diagnose underlying elbow pathology.
Poller or blocking screws are used to stabilize fractures treated with small diameter intramedullary nails. They guide the nail like "poller" traffic devices guide vehicles. Blocking screws increase stability of distal and proximal metaphyseal fractures after nailing and can help manage malunited fractures. They work by narrowing the canal to guide the nail anteriorly and prevent sagittal plane deformity. Blocking screws are typically placed medially and laterally as close to the fracture as possible for optimal stabilization. Their placement on the concave side of deformities helps improve reduction by deflecting the nail.
This document provides an overview of evaluating the elbow and forearm from several perspectives. It begins with elbow anatomy and then discusses common elbow conditions, history taking, complaints, physical examination including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, strength testing and special tests. It also briefly outlines diagnostic imaging options and concludes with thanking the reader. The evaluation involves a thorough history, physical exam assessing various symptoms and functions, consideration of differential diagnoses, and may include imaging studies to diagnose underlying elbow pathology.
This document provides an overview of nonunion fractures, including definitions, classifications, etiology, evaluation, and treatment principles. It defines nonunion as a fracture that has not healed after 9 months and has not shown progression for 3 months. Nonunions are classified as hypervascular (hypertrophic, oligotrophic) or avascular (atrophic, pseudarthrosis). Treatment may involve debridement, plating, intramedullary nailing, bone grafting, BMPs, or electrical stimulation depending on the type and location of the nonunion. The goals are to achieve stability, stimulate healing, correct any deformity, and allow early mobilization.
This document discusses the clinical examination of the hip joint, including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, special tests, and gait analysis. Key examination findings are described for various hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia of the hip, arthritis, fractures, and dislocations. Landmark bony anatomy, compensations, and fallacies of certain examination maneuvers are also outlined.
This document describes various approaches for total knee arthroplasty, including the medial and lateral parapatellar approaches, midvastus approach, subvastus approach, and extensile exposures like the quadriceps snip, V-Y turndown, and tibial tubercle osteotomy. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages in terms of exposure, impact on soft tissues, technical difficulty, and postoperative recovery considerations. The medial parapatellar approach is the most familiar but can impact patellar tracking and the medial capsular repair, while the lateral parapatellar approach is useful for valgus deformities but more technically demanding.
The document describes various surgical approaches to the elbow joint. The posterior approach is described in detail, including indications such as ORIF of distal humerus fractures. Key steps involve identifying the ulnar nerve, protecting it, and exposing the distal fourth of the humerus through a longitudinal incision over the posterior olecranon. The medial, lateral, anterior cubital fossa, and posterolateral radial head approaches are also outlined, identifying structures at risk and ways to optimize exposure for various procedures.
Three column fixation for complex PROXIMAL TIBIA FRACTURESLokesh Sharoff
This study introduces a "three-column fixation" concept for treating complex tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker Types V and VI) based on computed tomography scans. The study evaluates clinical outcomes in 29 patients treated with this column-specific fixation technique. At 2-year follow up, patients had good functional outcomes with SF-36, HSS, and lower extremity measure scores averaging 89, 90, and 87 respectively. Radiographic measurements also showed well-maintained alignment without significant malreduction. The study concludes that three-column fixation is an effective and safe method for multiplanar complex tibial plateau fractures.
This document discusses bone grafting and grafting techniques. It defines what a graft is, describes different types of bone grafts including autografts, allografts, and bone graft substitutes. It covers the biological process of bone graft incorporation and lists various techniques for harvesting and placing bone grafts, such as onlay grafts, dual onlay grafts, and fibula grafts. Risks, advantages, and disadvantages of different graft options are also summarized.
The Latarjet procedure is effective for treating traumatic anterior shoulder instability, especially when there is significant bone loss. It works by increasing the effective glenoid track and addressing humeral and glenoid bone deficits. Studies show the Latarjet procedure results in excellent stability, range of motion, function, and return to sports. While it has a slightly higher risk of complications than the Bankart repair, the Latarjet procedure is superior in addressing the underlying bone pathology and has lower recurrence rates, making it the preferred option for many patients with traumatic anterior instability.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on flexor and extensor tendon injuries of the hand. It begins with an introduction to tendon anatomy and zones of injury. It then describes the specific anatomy and function of flexor and extensor tendons. Flexor tendon injuries are discussed based on their zone of injury, with details on clinical examination, repair techniques, and postoperative rehabilitation protocols. Complications and the use of tendon grafts are also summarized. The document concludes with sections on extensor tendon anatomy, testing, and associated structures like the sagittal bands.
Ligamentotaxis principle in the treatment of intra articular fractures of dis...Sitanshu Barik
This study assessed the correlation between radiological outcomes and functional outcomes in 45 patients treated with external fixation for intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. Good or acceptable restoration of radial length and palmar slope on radiographs post-operatively was found to produce good to excellent functional results regardless of fracture type. While poor radiological outcomes did not always lead to poor function, maintenance of radial length and correction of palmar tilt were important for functional outcomes. The study concluded that achieving good function is more important than surgical precision on radiographs alone.
This document discusses fractures of the femoral shaft in pediatric patients. Key points include: flexible intramedullary nailing has become the preferred treatment for most fractures due to low complication rates; plating and external fixation are options for more complex fractures or open injuries; and rigid intramedullary nailing carries a risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to its blood supply. The goals of treatment are to restore alignment and length while avoiding growth plate injury or disruption of the femoral head blood supply.
The document discusses the titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) used to treat fractures in children. TENS involves the use of flexible titanium nails inserted into the medullary canal. It is primarily used for diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures in children ages 3-15. The appropriate use of TENS depends on considering the child's age as well as the type and location of the fracture. TENS provides stability while allowing bending and early ambulation.
Soft Tissue Balancing in Primary Total Knee ArthroplastyIhab El-Desouky
The document discusses principles of soft tissue balancing during primary total knee replacement, including defining soft tissue stabilizers of the knee, techniques for soft tissue balancing like measured resection and gap balancing, and how to manage coronal plane deformities like varus and valgus knees through staged releases of tight soft tissues and bone cuts that create symmetrical flexion and extension gaps.
This document provides an overview of nonunion fractures, including definitions, classifications, etiology, evaluation, and treatment principles. It defines nonunion as a fracture that has not healed after 9 months and has not shown progression for 3 months. Nonunions are classified as hypervascular (hypertrophic, oligotrophic) or avascular (atrophic, pseudarthrosis). Treatment may involve debridement, plating, intramedullary nailing, bone grafting, BMPs, or electrical stimulation depending on the type and location of the nonunion. The goals are to achieve stability, stimulate healing, correct any deformity, and allow early mobilization.
This document discusses the clinical examination of the hip joint, including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, special tests, and gait analysis. Key examination findings are described for various hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia of the hip, arthritis, fractures, and dislocations. Landmark bony anatomy, compensations, and fallacies of certain examination maneuvers are also outlined.
This document describes various approaches for total knee arthroplasty, including the medial and lateral parapatellar approaches, midvastus approach, subvastus approach, and extensile exposures like the quadriceps snip, V-Y turndown, and tibial tubercle osteotomy. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages in terms of exposure, impact on soft tissues, technical difficulty, and postoperative recovery considerations. The medial parapatellar approach is the most familiar but can impact patellar tracking and the medial capsular repair, while the lateral parapatellar approach is useful for valgus deformities but more technically demanding.
The document describes various surgical approaches to the elbow joint. The posterior approach is described in detail, including indications such as ORIF of distal humerus fractures. Key steps involve identifying the ulnar nerve, protecting it, and exposing the distal fourth of the humerus through a longitudinal incision over the posterior olecranon. The medial, lateral, anterior cubital fossa, and posterolateral radial head approaches are also outlined, identifying structures at risk and ways to optimize exposure for various procedures.
Three column fixation for complex PROXIMAL TIBIA FRACTURESLokesh Sharoff
This study introduces a "three-column fixation" concept for treating complex tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker Types V and VI) based on computed tomography scans. The study evaluates clinical outcomes in 29 patients treated with this column-specific fixation technique. At 2-year follow up, patients had good functional outcomes with SF-36, HSS, and lower extremity measure scores averaging 89, 90, and 87 respectively. Radiographic measurements also showed well-maintained alignment without significant malreduction. The study concludes that three-column fixation is an effective and safe method for multiplanar complex tibial plateau fractures.
This document discusses bone grafting and grafting techniques. It defines what a graft is, describes different types of bone grafts including autografts, allografts, and bone graft substitutes. It covers the biological process of bone graft incorporation and lists various techniques for harvesting and placing bone grafts, such as onlay grafts, dual onlay grafts, and fibula grafts. Risks, advantages, and disadvantages of different graft options are also summarized.
The Latarjet procedure is effective for treating traumatic anterior shoulder instability, especially when there is significant bone loss. It works by increasing the effective glenoid track and addressing humeral and glenoid bone deficits. Studies show the Latarjet procedure results in excellent stability, range of motion, function, and return to sports. While it has a slightly higher risk of complications than the Bankart repair, the Latarjet procedure is superior in addressing the underlying bone pathology and has lower recurrence rates, making it the preferred option for many patients with traumatic anterior instability.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on flexor and extensor tendon injuries of the hand. It begins with an introduction to tendon anatomy and zones of injury. It then describes the specific anatomy and function of flexor and extensor tendons. Flexor tendon injuries are discussed based on their zone of injury, with details on clinical examination, repair techniques, and postoperative rehabilitation protocols. Complications and the use of tendon grafts are also summarized. The document concludes with sections on extensor tendon anatomy, testing, and associated structures like the sagittal bands.
Ligamentotaxis principle in the treatment of intra articular fractures of dis...Sitanshu Barik
This study assessed the correlation between radiological outcomes and functional outcomes in 45 patients treated with external fixation for intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. Good or acceptable restoration of radial length and palmar slope on radiographs post-operatively was found to produce good to excellent functional results regardless of fracture type. While poor radiological outcomes did not always lead to poor function, maintenance of radial length and correction of palmar tilt were important for functional outcomes. The study concluded that achieving good function is more important than surgical precision on radiographs alone.
This document discusses fractures of the femoral shaft in pediatric patients. Key points include: flexible intramedullary nailing has become the preferred treatment for most fractures due to low complication rates; plating and external fixation are options for more complex fractures or open injuries; and rigid intramedullary nailing carries a risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to its blood supply. The goals of treatment are to restore alignment and length while avoiding growth plate injury or disruption of the femoral head blood supply.
The document discusses the titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) used to treat fractures in children. TENS involves the use of flexible titanium nails inserted into the medullary canal. It is primarily used for diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures in children ages 3-15. The appropriate use of TENS depends on considering the child's age as well as the type and location of the fracture. TENS provides stability while allowing bending and early ambulation.
Soft Tissue Balancing in Primary Total Knee ArthroplastyIhab El-Desouky
The document discusses principles of soft tissue balancing during primary total knee replacement, including defining soft tissue stabilizers of the knee, techniques for soft tissue balancing like measured resection and gap balancing, and how to manage coronal plane deformities like varus and valgus knees through staged releases of tight soft tissues and bone cuts that create symmetrical flexion and extension gaps.
1. Chirurgie de l’adulte spastique
François Molinier
Chirurgie orthopédique
https://fr.linkedin.com/in/drfrancoismolinier
Journées Médecine & SSR
25 mars 2016
3. Généralités
• Déformation :
– Equin +++
• Rétracté ou souple?
– Varus / Inversion ++
• Origine? Tibial post? Tibial ant?
– Griffes des orteils
• Démasquée lors de
l’intervention
3
4. Objectifs
• Restitution ad integrum => NON
• Contrat :
– Quels sont les objectifs du malade?
– Marche plantigrade
– Abandon de la chaussure
orthopédique (de la canne ?)
– Améliorer le marche pied nu.
– « se lever la nuit pour aller aux
toilettes sans ses chaussures
orthopédiques »
4
6. Chirurgie des nerfs
• Spasticité >>> Rétraction
tendineuse
• Neurotomie (Gros 1977)
– Section partielle des fibres
motrices du nerf
• Identification per opératoire par
stimulation
• Section ¾
• Pas de Paralysie => vérifiable en
post opératoire
6
7. Neurotomie
• Tronc nerveux (mais fascicules sensitifs…)
• Branches motrices
– Exple : Loge postérieure de la jambe
• N. Gastrocnémiens médial et latéral
• N. Soléaire
• N. Tibial Postérieur
• N. Lg Fléchisseurs des Orteils et de l’Hallux
7
14. Varus / Inversion
• Evaluation +++ du TA
et LHE
• Evaluation de la
marche
– Transfert de l’hémi-TA
– Transfert du tibial
postérieur
• Age du patient
14
15. Et les orteils ?
• Rayons latéraux
– Griffe préopératoire
– Griffe démasquée par
l’allongement du Tendon
calcanéen
– Ténotomie
• Hallux
– Ténotomie
– Arthrodèse de l’IP
15
16. Suites
• Hospitalisation 2-3 jours
• RAD ou centre
• Botte résine
– 1 mois si uniquement geste tendineux
– 45 jours si geste osseux
• Ablation plâtre => centre de
rééducation
16