Quelles chimiothérapie proposer et quand opérer ?
Comment optimiser le foie restant ?
ALPPS ou 2 temps classiques : comment choisir ?
Oriana Ciacio
Journées du Centre Hépato-Biliaire - JCHB 2019
Journées de chirurgie
Bladder preservation for CA Urinary BladderAnil Gupta
This document summarizes the case of a 74-year-old male patient with urinary bladder cancer who underwent bladder preservation treatment. He initially presented with hematuria and imaging found two bladder lesions, one of which was muscle-invasive. He received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical radiotherapy to the bladder, achieving a good response. Over 2.5 years of follow-up, he has remained with no evidence of disease and an intact, functional bladder. The document then discusses bladder cancer treatment approaches and evidence for bladder preservation with chemoradiotherapy as an alternative to radical cystectomy for select patients.
1) The document discusses treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), including the importance of multidisciplinary teams, sequencing of chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and continuing treatment beyond progression.
2) Key points addressed include using oxaliplatin or irinotecan as the chemotherapy backbone, adding targeted therapies like bevacizumab or anti-EGFR antibodies based on molecular markers, and exploring more intensive strategies like FOLFOXIRI for certain patients.
3) Maintaining quality of life across all treatment lines is emphasized as the overarching goal.
This document discusses the management of early breast cancer. It covers breast management including breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy. It discusses axillary management including axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. It also discusses the roles of pre-operative systemic therapy, adjuvant therapy including anti-HER2 therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy based on breast cancer subtypes. The document provides guidelines on treatment options based on breast cancer stage and molecular profiles.
Bladder preservation for CA Urinary BladderAnil Gupta
This document summarizes the case of a 74-year-old male patient with urinary bladder cancer who underwent bladder preservation treatment. He initially presented with hematuria and imaging found two bladder lesions, one of which was muscle-invasive. He received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical radiotherapy to the bladder, achieving a good response. Over 2.5 years of follow-up, he has remained with no evidence of disease and an intact, functional bladder. The document then discusses bladder cancer treatment approaches and evidence for bladder preservation with chemoradiotherapy as an alternative to radical cystectomy for select patients.
1) The document discusses treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), including the importance of multidisciplinary teams, sequencing of chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and continuing treatment beyond progression.
2) Key points addressed include using oxaliplatin or irinotecan as the chemotherapy backbone, adding targeted therapies like bevacizumab or anti-EGFR antibodies based on molecular markers, and exploring more intensive strategies like FOLFOXIRI for certain patients.
3) Maintaining quality of life across all treatment lines is emphasized as the overarching goal.
This document discusses the management of early breast cancer. It covers breast management including breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy. It discusses axillary management including axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. It also discusses the roles of pre-operative systemic therapy, adjuvant therapy including anti-HER2 therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy based on breast cancer subtypes. The document provides guidelines on treatment options based on breast cancer stage and molecular profiles.
This document discusses management of prostate cancer through different treatment modalities including active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. It provides treatment recommendations based on cancer stage and risk level as well as 5-year outcomes. For low risk prostate cancer, active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, or radiation therapy are recommended depending on life expectancy. Radiation therapy techniques like 3D-CRT, IMRT, and brachytherapy are covered. Dose escalation studies showing improved outcomes with higher radiation doses are also summarized.
Overview about evolution of the term Oligometastases,the paradigm and various states of oligometastases,treat options ,clinical trials and relevance in current clinical practice
- The document summarizes key landmark clinical trials investigating treatments for metastatic gastric cancer.
- The ToGA trial found that adding trastuzumab (Herceptin) to standard chemotherapy (cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine) significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer compared to chemotherapy alone. Median overall survival was 13.8 months with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab versus 11.1 months with chemotherapy alone.
- The REAL-2 trial demonstrated that cisplatin plus capecitabine was as effective as cisplatin plus fluorouracil for advanced gastric cancer, with less toxicity. Cisplatin plus capecitabine has since
This study aimed to audit the outcome of omitting pelvic lymphadenectomy during optimal interval cytoreduction in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Ten patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and optimal interval cytoreduction without lymphadenectomy were analyzed. At a median follow up of 1 year, 5 patients had relapsed - 3 with nodal recurrence. This 30% nodal recurrence rate was statistically significant. Therefore, the study concludes that while initial data showed low nodal positivity, omitting lymphadenectomy led to a higher nodal recurrence rate, and further randomized studies are needed.
1) Non-operative management or 'watch and wait' involves avoiding surgery for rectal cancer patients who achieve a complete clinical response after chemoradiation therapy.
2) The goal is to avoid the morbidities associated with surgery if the clinical response indicates the cancer has been eradicated.
3) Patients undergo regular examinations and imaging to monitor for tumor regrowth, with the first year involving examinations every 6-8 weeks and subsequent years every 3-6 months.
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is commonly used to treat rectal cancer. It can reduce the tumor size and increase the likelihood of sphincter-sparing surgery. Studies have shown that preoperative chemoradiotherapy results in lower local recurrence rates compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone, without increasing distant metastases or mortality. Short-course radiotherapy followed by surgery within a week is also effective at reducing local recurrence compared to surgery alone, especially when combined with total mesorectal excision.
1) Short-course preoperative radiotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with operable rectal cancer, reducing the relative risk of local recurrence by 61% compared to selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy.
2) The addition of postoperative chemotherapy to preoperative chemoradiotherapy does not affect disease-free survival or overall survival in patients with stage T3 or T4 resectable rectal cancer.
3) Short-course preoperative radiotherapy followed by delayed surgery results in lower tumor stage, greater tumor regression grade, and higher pathologic complete response rates compared to long-course radiotherapy followed by delayed surgery, with potential improvements in overall survival and time to recurrence.
Here are the main options for the timing of resection:
- Colon first (staged approach): Resect the primary colon tumor first, followed by chemotherapy, then resect the liver metastases at a later date if the patient responds well to chemotherapy.
- Colon and liver simultaneously: Resect both the primary colon tumor and liver metastases in one surgery. This is typically only done if the tumors are resectable upfront with low risk.
This document provides an overview and practical tips for spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). It discusses patient selection criteria including good performance status and life expectancy. Required imaging includes MRI and CT to aid targeting of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV). Treatment planning considerations include dose selection of 24-35Gy in 3-5 fractions and organ at risk constraints. Delivery involves cone beam CT guidance to ensure accurate positioning. Case studies demonstrate targeting of spinal metastases from different primary cancers. The document emphasizes the importance of immobilization, image guidance and multidisciplinary care for safe and effective spine SBRT.
This document discusses the management of metastatic renal cancer. It notes that approximately 1/3 of newly diagnosed renal cancers are metastatic and 20-40% of localized cancers eventually metastasize. Metastatic renal cancer is usually fatal with 5-year survival rates under 5%. The document outlines treatment approaches including local therapies like cytoreductive nephrectomy and metastasectomy as well as systemic therapies like immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy. It provides details on specific immunotherapy agents, targeted therapies including several tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and recommendations on treatment sequencing.
The document discusses considerations for larynx preservation approaches in treating head and neck cancers. It reviews milestones in the development of nonsurgical options, including the role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Two generations of larynx preservation trials are examined that evaluated induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy or concurrent chemoradiation, finding larynx preservation rates of 50-70% with equivalent survival outcomes to total laryngectomy. Ongoing questions remain around the most effective and least toxic treatment protocols.
Artery first approach For Pancreatic Head tumours by Dr Harsh Shah (www.gastr...Dr Harsh Shah
Artery first approach to Pancreatic head tumour. There are various approaches as described in this presentation. Pros & Cons of all approaches are discussed.
Minimal invasive Surgery in Management of colorectal cancerpiyushpatwa
Laparoscopic Anterior resection. After insertion of ports with patient in steep trendelenburg position Inferior mesenteric artery was identified and high ligation done with division of left colic artery and then medial to lateral dissection was done. Subsequently inferior mesenteric vein was dissected and clipped and divided. Distal dissection proceeded just behind the superior rectal artery and after identification and preservation of the hypogastric nerves, upper rectum was mobilised. Division of bowel was done at upper rectum after giving adequate distal margin and end to end anastomosis was done using circular stapler.
1. Management of colorectal liver metastases involves various treatment strategies depending on the extent of disease including primary-first, simultaneous resection, liver-first, and two-stage hepatectomy approaches.
2. The optimal strategy aims to achieve an R0 resection of all metastases while preserving sufficient future liver remnant volume.
3. Preoperative chemotherapy can help downstage initially unresectable disease in select patients, allowing for potentially curative surgery.
Chirurgie du cholangiocarcinome hilaire. Conférence du Dr Oriana Ciacio ( Chirurgienne, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France) aux Journées de Chirurgie Hépato-Biliaire (juin 2014, Paris)
This document discusses management of prostate cancer through different treatment modalities including active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. It provides treatment recommendations based on cancer stage and risk level as well as 5-year outcomes. For low risk prostate cancer, active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, or radiation therapy are recommended depending on life expectancy. Radiation therapy techniques like 3D-CRT, IMRT, and brachytherapy are covered. Dose escalation studies showing improved outcomes with higher radiation doses are also summarized.
Overview about evolution of the term Oligometastases,the paradigm and various states of oligometastases,treat options ,clinical trials and relevance in current clinical practice
- The document summarizes key landmark clinical trials investigating treatments for metastatic gastric cancer.
- The ToGA trial found that adding trastuzumab (Herceptin) to standard chemotherapy (cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine) significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer compared to chemotherapy alone. Median overall survival was 13.8 months with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab versus 11.1 months with chemotherapy alone.
- The REAL-2 trial demonstrated that cisplatin plus capecitabine was as effective as cisplatin plus fluorouracil for advanced gastric cancer, with less toxicity. Cisplatin plus capecitabine has since
This study aimed to audit the outcome of omitting pelvic lymphadenectomy during optimal interval cytoreduction in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Ten patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and optimal interval cytoreduction without lymphadenectomy were analyzed. At a median follow up of 1 year, 5 patients had relapsed - 3 with nodal recurrence. This 30% nodal recurrence rate was statistically significant. Therefore, the study concludes that while initial data showed low nodal positivity, omitting lymphadenectomy led to a higher nodal recurrence rate, and further randomized studies are needed.
1) Non-operative management or 'watch and wait' involves avoiding surgery for rectal cancer patients who achieve a complete clinical response after chemoradiation therapy.
2) The goal is to avoid the morbidities associated with surgery if the clinical response indicates the cancer has been eradicated.
3) Patients undergo regular examinations and imaging to monitor for tumor regrowth, with the first year involving examinations every 6-8 weeks and subsequent years every 3-6 months.
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is commonly used to treat rectal cancer. It can reduce the tumor size and increase the likelihood of sphincter-sparing surgery. Studies have shown that preoperative chemoradiotherapy results in lower local recurrence rates compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone, without increasing distant metastases or mortality. Short-course radiotherapy followed by surgery within a week is also effective at reducing local recurrence compared to surgery alone, especially when combined with total mesorectal excision.
1) Short-course preoperative radiotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with operable rectal cancer, reducing the relative risk of local recurrence by 61% compared to selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy.
2) The addition of postoperative chemotherapy to preoperative chemoradiotherapy does not affect disease-free survival or overall survival in patients with stage T3 or T4 resectable rectal cancer.
3) Short-course preoperative radiotherapy followed by delayed surgery results in lower tumor stage, greater tumor regression grade, and higher pathologic complete response rates compared to long-course radiotherapy followed by delayed surgery, with potential improvements in overall survival and time to recurrence.
Here are the main options for the timing of resection:
- Colon first (staged approach): Resect the primary colon tumor first, followed by chemotherapy, then resect the liver metastases at a later date if the patient responds well to chemotherapy.
- Colon and liver simultaneously: Resect both the primary colon tumor and liver metastases in one surgery. This is typically only done if the tumors are resectable upfront with low risk.
This document provides an overview and practical tips for spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). It discusses patient selection criteria including good performance status and life expectancy. Required imaging includes MRI and CT to aid targeting of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV). Treatment planning considerations include dose selection of 24-35Gy in 3-5 fractions and organ at risk constraints. Delivery involves cone beam CT guidance to ensure accurate positioning. Case studies demonstrate targeting of spinal metastases from different primary cancers. The document emphasizes the importance of immobilization, image guidance and multidisciplinary care for safe and effective spine SBRT.
This document discusses the management of metastatic renal cancer. It notes that approximately 1/3 of newly diagnosed renal cancers are metastatic and 20-40% of localized cancers eventually metastasize. Metastatic renal cancer is usually fatal with 5-year survival rates under 5%. The document outlines treatment approaches including local therapies like cytoreductive nephrectomy and metastasectomy as well as systemic therapies like immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy. It provides details on specific immunotherapy agents, targeted therapies including several tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and recommendations on treatment sequencing.
The document discusses considerations for larynx preservation approaches in treating head and neck cancers. It reviews milestones in the development of nonsurgical options, including the role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Two generations of larynx preservation trials are examined that evaluated induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy or concurrent chemoradiation, finding larynx preservation rates of 50-70% with equivalent survival outcomes to total laryngectomy. Ongoing questions remain around the most effective and least toxic treatment protocols.
Artery first approach For Pancreatic Head tumours by Dr Harsh Shah (www.gastr...Dr Harsh Shah
Artery first approach to Pancreatic head tumour. There are various approaches as described in this presentation. Pros & Cons of all approaches are discussed.
Minimal invasive Surgery in Management of colorectal cancerpiyushpatwa
Laparoscopic Anterior resection. After insertion of ports with patient in steep trendelenburg position Inferior mesenteric artery was identified and high ligation done with division of left colic artery and then medial to lateral dissection was done. Subsequently inferior mesenteric vein was dissected and clipped and divided. Distal dissection proceeded just behind the superior rectal artery and after identification and preservation of the hypogastric nerves, upper rectum was mobilised. Division of bowel was done at upper rectum after giving adequate distal margin and end to end anastomosis was done using circular stapler.
1. Management of colorectal liver metastases involves various treatment strategies depending on the extent of disease including primary-first, simultaneous resection, liver-first, and two-stage hepatectomy approaches.
2. The optimal strategy aims to achieve an R0 resection of all metastases while preserving sufficient future liver remnant volume.
3. Preoperative chemotherapy can help downstage initially unresectable disease in select patients, allowing for potentially curative surgery.
Chirurgie du cholangiocarcinome hilaire. Conférence du Dr Oriana Ciacio ( Chirurgienne, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France) aux Journées de Chirurgie Hépato-Biliaire (juin 2014, Paris)
1. Hypothermic perfusion of the liver during hepatic resection allows for safer total vascular exclusion of over 60 minutes by decreasing metabolic needs and improving hemodynamic tolerance.
2. Hypothermic perfusion can be performed in situ, without dividing the portal triad, or ex situ after dividing the portal triad. Veno-venous bypass is often used to avoid hemodynamic instability during long periods of vascular exclusion.
3. Preliminary experience with 77 cases of hepatic resection using hypothermic perfusion and vascular exclusion showed lower mortality and morbidity compared to standard surgery. Independent predictors of mortality were identified to help patient selection.
This document summarizes research on applications of microtechnology and bioengineering in liver modeling and transplantation. It discusses topics like micropatterning co-cultures, encapsulation, bioartificial and transplantable engineered livers, and using microfluidics and biomaterials for drug screening and disease modeling. Specific techniques covered include differentiating stem cells into liver cells, constructing 3D liver organoids, developing liver-on-chip devices, and applying organoids to study bile acid recycling and treat cholangiopathy. The overall goal is to build functional artificial livers through multidisciplinary approaches like microengineering, stem cell differentiation, organoid development, and organ-chip systems.
This phase 2 clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of bepirovirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The trial involved 31 participants with chronic hepatitis B who received subcutaneous injections of bepirovirsen or placebo. Treatment with bepirovirsen was found to be generally safe and well tolerated, with mostly mild to moderate adverse events. Bepirovirsen treatment resulted in transient increases in liver enzymes in some participants. Additionally, reductions in hepatitis B surface antigen levels were observed in participants receiving bepirovirsen compared to placebo, suggesting antiviral activity. This trial provides initial evidence supporting further evaluation of bepirovirsen for the treatment of chronic hepatitis
3. Adam R et al. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2009
Définition de la resecabilité
• Résection complète de toutes les metastases tout en laissant un
minimum de 30% de foie restant
• Même en présence de localisations extrahépatiques à la condition
qu’elles soient accessibles à un geste de résection
Impératifs Oncologiques
• Résection R0
Impératifs Techniques
• Volume résiduel
> 30% si foie normal
> 40% si hépatopathie
• Préservation de la vascularisation et
du drainage biliaire du foie restant
4. Résécables d’emblée
• Résection (R0) +
• Volume résiduel 30-40% +
• Préserver
• Inflow et outflow
• Drainage biliaire
Jamais résécables
• Etat général et co-morbidités
et/ou
• Métastases EH non résécables
Potentiellement résécables
MH à la limite de la résécabilité
Définition de la resecabilité
13. ’Chez les patients avec des métastases pouvant
devenir résécables en cas de réponse majeure,
il est recommandé de privilégier, après discussion en
RCP, un protocole de CT donnant un taux de réponse
élevé dans l'optique d'une résécabilité secondaire’
Quel type de chimiothérapie ?
... Éviter la perte de chance...
Métastases potentiellement résécables
27. Multi Unilobar Multi Bilobar Multi Bilobar
Remnant Liver <30% ≤3 nod. ≤30 mm >3 nod. >30 mm
Hepatectomy +
Local Ablation
2-Stage
Hepatectomy
Portal Vein
Embolization
Standard 2-Stage ALPPSVeinous
deprivation
Optimisation du futur foie restant (FFR)
32. Multi Unilobar Multi Bilobar Multi Bilobar
Remnant Liver <30% ≤3 nod. ≤30 mm >3 nod. >30 mm
Hepatectomy +
Local Ablation
2-Stage
Hepatectomy
Portal Vein
Embolization
Standard 2-Stage ALPPSVeinous
deprivation
Optimisation du futur foie restant (FFR)
33. Portal vein
ligation
Tumorectomy
of liver remnant
Hypertrophy of
liver remnant
Stage 1 Stage 2
>30% of
total liver
4-8 weeks
Removal of the
deportalized lobe
Portal vein
embolization
Clavien et al. Strategies for safer liver surgery. NEJM, 2017
La méthode classique…
Hépatectomie en deux temps
Exclusion Pts
in progression
34.
35. Portal vein
ligation
Tumorectomy
of liver remnant
Hypertrophy of
liver remnant
Stage 1 Stage 2
>30% of
total liver
9 days
Removal of the
deportalized lobe
Portal vein
embolization
Clavien et al. Strategies for safer liver surgery. NEJM, 2017
La méthode rapide…: ALPPS
41. CONCLUSIONS
• En cas de métastases unilobaires :
– une embolisation portale permet d’hypertrophier le FFR.
– La technique de déprivation veineuse semble etre une
technique sure qui permet d’accélerer l’hypertrophie du FFR
• En cas de métastases bilobaires:
– Privilegier l’hépatectomie en deux temps classique
– Malgré la haute faisabilité du ALPPS, la morbi-mortalité peut
etre élevée et les résultats oncologiques à distance sont
inférieurs